Fabrication of Na‐Ion Full‐Cells using Carbon‐Coated Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂O₂F Cathode with Conversion Type CuO Nanoparticles from Spent Li‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) offer immense potential in the form of resources such as Li, transition metals (Co, Ni, and Mn), graphite, and Cu, which can be recovered through suitable recycling procedures. The Cu‐current collector is recovered from spent LIBs and converted as a copper oxide (CuO) anode for Na‐ion batteries. The performance of CuO is evaluated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (CuO–C), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) (CuO–P) binders in CuO half‐cell and CuO/carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (CuO/NVPOF) full–cell assemblies. The CuO–C half‐cell displays superior electrochemical performance than CuO–P in terms of cycling and rate performance showing 88% more capacity. To study the stabilization and solid electrolyte interphase growth in CuO–C, an in situ impedance study is conducted. However, the full‐cell, CuO–P/NVPOF displays better capacity retention during cycling with Coulombic efficiency >95% from the second cycle, whereas CuO‐C/NVPOF could hardly maintain only >90%. For conversion type CuO, it is apparent that, though the CMC binder supports half‐cell performance, the PVdF binder is suitable for the practical cell/full‐cell configuration.

Achieving High-Rate and Stable Sodium-Ion Storage by Constructing Okra-Like NiS2/FeS2@Multichannel Carbon Nanofibers

“…According to Figure E, it shows excellent rate capabilities of 327, 293, 268, 238, and 160 mA h g –1 at stepwise current densities of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 A g –1 , respectively, which are superior to those of MnS/FeS 2 @CNFs//NVP/C, CoS/Co 9 S 8 @NC//NVP@C, FeS/NiS@NCS//C-NVPF, NiS-FeS@NC//NVP@C, and Fe-CoS 2 /NC//NVP (Figure F). In addition, compared with other full cells, such as NTP@rGO//NVP/C, CuO-P//NVPOF, FeS 2‑x Se x //NVP, and CNT//NVP, the NiS 2 /FeS 2 @MCNFs//NVP full cell delivers a high energy density of 109.1 W h kg –1 at a power density of 63.4 W kg –1 (Figure S12), demonstrating the promising feasibility of NiS 2 /FeS 2 @MCNFs as anode for application in SIBs.…”

Improvement of cycle life for layered oxide cathodes in sodium-ion batteries

“…Surface coating, including carbon coating, [190][191][192] inorganic coating 193,194 and polymer coating, 195,196 is a critical modification strategy to prolong the cycle life of layered oxides. The surface coating can improve the electron/ionic conductivity of layered oxides and act as a buffer layer of the inherent stress and strain to protect layered oxides from the direct attack of liquid electrolytes and humid air.…”

Hybrid-Mechanism Synergistic Flexible Nb2O5@WS2@C Carbon Nanofiber Anode for Superior Sodium Storage

“…Common materials include CuO and MoS 2 . However, they also face some drawbacks, such as poor rate performance and large volume expansion [15][16][17]. Intercalation-based anode materials are based on the intercalation mechanism, and most of them have lower theoretical specific capacity, but they show excellent rate performance and cycle stability performance with less volume expansion during the charging and discharging process.…”