Fabrication of nanopatterned films of bovine serum albumin and staphylococcal protein A using latex particle lithography

Abstract

Arrays of protein nanostructures can be formed on surfaces such as mica(0001) and Au(111) using lithography with polystyrene latex particles. To create arrays of protein nanostructures, monodisperse latex spheres are mixed with the desired protein (e.g. BSA, protein A or IgG) and deposited onto substrates. Protein-coated nanospheres self-assemble into organized crystalline layers when dried on flat surfaces. After rinsing with water, dried latex spheres are displaced to expose periodic arrays of uncovered circular cavities. The immobilized proteins remain attached to the surface and form nanopatterns over broad areas (microns) corresponding to the thickness of a single layer of proteins. The nanostructures of immobilized proteins maintain the order and periodicity of the latex scaffold. The morphology and diameter of the protein nanostructures are tuneable by selecting the ratios of protein-to-latex and the diameters of latex spheres. Well-defined nanostructured surfaces of proteins supply a tool for fundamental investigations of protein binding interactions in biological systems at the nanoscale and have potential applications in biochip and biosensing systems.

Particle Lithography Enables Fabrication of Multicomponent Nanostructures

“…The multicomponent patterns were revealed after the silica spheres mask was removed by sonication in H 2 O for 3 s. To retain bioactivity and prevent detachment, sonication time was kept under 1 min. 45 …”

Integration Between Template‐Based Nanostructured Surfaces and Biosensors

“…A simple approach to functional protein array production which is based on selfassembling of polymer templates and proteins has recently been developed [114,115]. To create arrays of protein nanostructures with defined spacing, monodisperse latex spheres have been coated with the desired protein (BSA, proteins A and G) and deposited on a mica (001) or gold (111) surface.…”

“…After drying, latex particles are displaced to expose periodic arrays of immobilized proteins, which remain attached to the surface and maintain the order and periodicity of the latex scaffold. The morphology and diameter of protein nanostructures thus prepared are tunable by setting up the protein/latex ratio and the diameter of latex spheres [114]. Similarly, lysozyme periodic nanostructures have been prepared on silicon by NSL, retaining their full activity [115].…”

Micro- and Nanopatterning of Surfaces Employing Self Assembly of Nanoparticles and Its Application in Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering

“…The fabrication of nanopatterned films of protein by NSL yielding ring shaped structures has been demonstrated (Garno, Amro et al 2002;Li, Henry et al 2006). In particular it was shown that proteins deposited in this manner retained the capability to bind specifically to immunoglobulin molecules (Garno, Amro et al 2002).…”