“… 2 – 4 , while the pseudocapacitance is usually shown by metal oxides, hydroxides, and some redox polymers 5 , 6 . The ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ) has been exploited as an electrode material for pseudocapacitor, besides other metal oxides such as MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , Bi 2 WO 6 7 – 11 . However, due to the high cost of Ru, there is an urgent need for developing cheaper materials.…”