Fabrication of nitrogen-incorporated nanodiamond ultra-microelectrode array for Dopamine detection

Diamond Ultramicro- and Nano-electrode Arrays

“…We have shown that dopamine can be sensitively and selectively detected on diamond ultramicroelectrode arrays in the presence of ascorbic acid [55]. Compared with the results shown on other diamond electrode (including macro-sized electrodes [60][61][62][63][64][65], microelectrode array [66], ultramicroelectrode arrays [47,48], and diamond nanograss [67]), on diamond ultramicroelectrode arrays we achieved the lowest detection limit (1.0 nM) for dopamine detection, which is 50-100 times lower than that reported [55]. Diamond ultramicroelectrode arrays are thus promising for the detection of low concentrated dopamine (0.01-1 µM) in biological samples individually or in the presence of other similar compounds such as ascorbic acid.…”

“…The diameter of the microelectrodes is 5 µm, the distance between microelectrodes is 150 µm and the number of electrodes is 106. Kang, Swain and coworkers [44][45][46][47][48] realized diamond ultramicroelectrode arrays with different shapes, spacing, and number of electrodes. They utilized the "as-grown" diamond surface with randomly micro-structured topology as a planar diamond electrode.…”

“…nitrate, 4-nitrophenol [49][50][51], Cr(VI) ions, Ag(I) ions, sulphate, peroxodisulfate [43], hydrogen peroxide [55]), for bio-detections (e.g. detection of dopamine [44][45][46][47][48], neuronal activity measurements [52,53], quantal catecholamine secretion from chromaffine cells [54]), and for the generation and detection of peroxidisulfate with the aid of scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) [59]. We have shown that dopamine can be sensitively and selectively detected on diamond ultramicroelectrode arrays in the presence of ascorbic acid [55].…”

Improved detection limits of toxic biochemical species based on impedance measurements in electrochemical biosensors

“…Recently, the use of microelectrodes in electrochemical detection has also been receiving close attention in this field (Li et al, 2010;Bitziou et al, in press;Raina et al, 2010;Hu et al, 2010;Lupu et al, 2010;Antohe et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2009;Kim et al, 2009;Huffman and Venton, 2009;Lee et al, 2008;Zaouak et al, 2009;Qing et al, 2008;Xiang et al, 2007). Pioneering work was done on interdigitated array (IDA) electrodes by Sanderson and Anderson (1985) and several applications were reported (Chidsey et al, 1986;Fosdick et al, 1986;Feldman and Murray, 1986;Yang, 2008;Alocilja, 2008).…”

Fabrication of a NCD microelectrode array for amperometric detection with micrometer spatial resolution

“…Additionally, diamond can be either insulating or quasi-metallic and has an extended range of transparency (225 nm-12 μm) [10] due to its wide bandgap semiconductor characteristics. NCD microelectrode and ultra-microelectrode arrays have been also widely studied and used in the fields of electro-analysis and life science [11][12][13][14].…”