Abundant contaminants in wastewater have a negative effect on the natural environment and ecology. Developing highly efficient photocatalysts is a practical strategy to solve the pollution issue. In order to prevent the agglomeration of SnO 2 nanoparticles and improve the photocatalytic efficiency, porous diatomite is adopted as a low-cost template to load monodispersed SnO 2 nanoparticles by solvothermal reaction and sintering method. Through adjusting the mass of reactants, monodispersed SnO 2 nanoparticles (~15 nm) generated on diatomite template achieved the maximum specific surface area of 23.53 m 2 ·g −1 . When served as a photocatalyst for degrading rhodamine B (Rh B) and methylene blue (MB), the composite presents an excellent photocatalytic activity close to pure SnO 2 , and achieves the fast degradation of Rh B and MB dye in 60 min. The degradation process is in well agreement with the first-order kinetic equation. The superior photocatalytic performance of SnO 2 /diatomite composite is attributed to the physical adsorption of dye molecules on the pores of diatomite, and the superior photocatalytic activity of monodispersed SnO 2 nanoparticles. Due to the low-cost of diatomite and the easy preparation of SnO 2 nanoparticles, the SnO 2 /diatomite composite has a promising application prospect, even better than pure SnO 2 photocatalyst. Therefore, during the synthesis process, the selection of suitable templates is very crucial to control the uniform distribution of SnO 2 nanoparticles. As we all know, SnO 2 is often synthesized on graphene nanosheets to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency [8]. For example, Chen et al. [9] synthesized dense SnO 2 layers on two sides of graphene sheets as high-efficient photocatalysts. Wei et al.[10] synthesized dandelion-like SnO 2 on graphene sheets and presented an excellent photocatalytic performance when degrading Rhodamine B. However, the high cost of graphene or graphene oxide confines the wide application of graphene-metal oxides hybrid photocatalysts. As a cheap porous clay mineral, diatomite derives from a kind of single celled aquatic algae. It has some advantages, such as a low cost, large specific surface area, high porosity and chemical resistance. In the reported works about diatomite-based photocatalysts, diatomite is often acted as porous template to load TiO 2 nanoparticles by sol-gel method [11] or hydrolysis-deposition method [12]. However, up to now, there are only two works about SnO 2 /diatomite composites. Zhong et al. [13] synthesized SnO 2 nanowires on diatomite porous substrate. The composite was acted as gas sensing materials for detecting the response to SO 2 gas. Zhen et al. [14] synthesized SnO 2 on diatomaceous earth by hydrothermal method and investigated the potential application in the humidity sensing field. There are no reports about SnO 2 /diatomite photocatalysts.About the synthesis of SnO 2 , hydrothermal or solvothermal method is often adopted to synthesize various SnO 2 nanostructures. In our previous work, SnO 2 nanosheets consi...