Fabrication of optical waveguides in KGW by swift heavy ion beam irradiation

García-Navarro, A.; Olivares, J.; Garcı́a, Gustavo; Agulló‐López, F.; García-Blanco, Sonia M.; Merchant, Clark A.; Aitchison, J. S.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2006.03.108

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…and Er 3+ -doped telluride glass (Berneschi et al, 2007b), achieving unprecedented control over the refractive index changes of the substrate. Moreover, irradiation with swift heavy ions have been also used to produce waveguides in a wide number of materials, like LiNbO 3 (Olivares et al, 2005b(Olivares et al, , 2007bChen, 2009b;Dong et al, 2011a), KGW (García-Navarro et al, 2006), KLTN (Ilan et al, 2006), BGO , Nd:YAG (Ren et al, 2010a(Ren et al, , 2011a, Nd:GdCOB (Ren et al, 2011b), a-SiO 2 (Manzano et al, 2010), c-SiO 2 (Manzano-Santamaría et al, 2012) and chalcogenide glasses , allowing a fast fabrication of high-quality waveguides. In this section we briefly review the fabrication and properties of ion implanted waveguides in various materials, emphasizing the most recent results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waveguides have also been achieved by using the ions O, Si and Mg (Hu et al, 2001;Bentini et al, 2002), and in the KGW crystal (García-Navarro et al, 2006), indicating the potential generality of the method. Of particular interest are the waveguides obtained by irradiating in the regime of high electronic stopping power (~5-6 keV/nm) and ultra-low fluence (2x10 12 cm -2 ) (Olivares et al, 2007c), because of the short irradiation time required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In this respect, it has been shown that a controlled damage can be generated by selecting the type of ion and its mass, energy and fluence, obtaining a micro-processing of crystals with a degree of accuracy, flexibility and efficiency well beyond the current state of the art. The optical waveguides produced with this method are both an end in itself (Caballero et al, 2005;Olivares et al, 2005bOlivares et al, , 2007cGarcía-Navarro et al, 2006;Manzano et al, 2010) and a mean that allows the precise study of several fundamental aspects of the generation and accumulation of electronic damage García-Navarro et al, 2007;Rivera et al, 2010a;García et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review

Peña‐Rodríguez¹,

Olivares²,

Carrascosa³

et al. 2012

Ion Implantation

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review

Peña‐Rodríguez¹,

Olivares²,

Carrascosa³

et al. 2012

Ion Implantation

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“…7,[10][11][12][13] In such electronic regime, individual ions generate amorphous ͑latent͒ tracks of only a few nanometers in diameter [14][15][16] when the electronic stopping power overcomes a certain threshold value, which depends on material and, at a lesser extent, on irradiation conditions. This technique opens new possibilities for nanostructuring of materials and may compete with femtosecond-laser pulse irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the purpose of this work is to present experimental observations of a number of relevant phenomenological features and explore whether a correlation between laser and ion damage can be reasonably established. We will specifically focus on a relevant photonic material, 18 LiNbO 3 ͑having a gap of around 4 eV͒, where some systematic information on the effect of femtosecond laser [19][20][21][22] and swift-ion irradiation [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][23][24][25] ready available. To the best of our knowledge, only a few systematic comparisons have so far been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser and swift-ion damage in lithium niobate: A comparative analysis

García-Navarro

Agulló‐López

Olivares

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

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A first principles study of the lattice stability of diamond-structure semiconductors under intense laser irradiation J. Appl. Phys. 113, 023301 (2013) High-order sideband generation in bulk GaAs Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 012104 (2013) Defect mediated reversible ferromagnetism in Co and Mn doped zinc oxide epitaxial films J. Appl. Phys. 112, 113917 (2012) Time-domain sampling of x-ray pulses using an ultrafast sample response Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 243106 (2012) The effects of vacuum ultraviolet radiation on low-k dielectric films App. Phys. Rev. 2012Rev. , 12 (2012 Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. Relevant damage features associated with femtosecond pulse laser and swift-ion irradiations on LiNbO 3 crystals are comparatively discussed. Experiments described in this paper include irradiations with repetitive femtosecond-laser pulses ͑800 nm, 130 fs͒ and irradiation with O, F, Si, and Cl ions at energies in the range of 0.2-1 MeV/amu where electronic stopping power is dominant. Data are semiquantitatively discussed by using a two-step phenomenological scheme. The first step corresponds to massive electronic excitation either by photons ͑primarily three-photon absorption͒ or ions ͑via ion-electron collisions͒ leading to a dense electron-hole plasma. The second step involves the relaxation of the stored excitation energy causing bond breaking and defect generation. It is described at a phenomenological level within a unified thermal spike scheme previously developed to account for damage by swift ions. A key common feature for the two irradiation sources is a well-defined intrinsic threshold in the deposited energy density U th required to initiate observable damage in a pristine crystal: U th Ϸ 1.3ϫ 10 4 −2ϫ 10 4 J / cm 3 for amorphization in the case of ions and U th Ϸ 7 ϫ 10 4 J / cm 3 for ablation in the case of laser pulses. The morphology of the heavily damaged regions ͑ion-induced tracks and laser-induced craters͒ generated above threshold and its evolution with the deposited energy are also comparatively discussed. The data show that damage in both types of experiments is cumulative and increases on successive irradiations. As a consequence, a certain incubation energy density has to be delivered either by the ions or laser photons in order to start observable damage under subthreshold conditions. The parallelism between the effects of laser pulses and ion impacts is well appreciated when they are described in terms of the ratio between the deposited energy density and the corresponding threshold value.

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Micro‐ and submicrometric waveguiding structures in optical crystals produced by ion beams for photonic applications

Chen

2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

270

124

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Energetic ion beams with diverse energies, species and beam dimensions have been extensively utilized to modify the properties of materials to achieve versatile applications in many aspects of industry, agriculture and scientific research. In optics, the ion‐beam technology has been applied to fabricate various micro‐ and submicrometric guiding structures on a wide range of optical crystals through the efficient modulation of the refractive indices or structuring of the surface, realizing various applications in many branches of photonics. The ion‐beam fabricated optical waveguides and other photonic structures have shown good guiding performance as well as properties related to the materials, suggesting promising potential for many aspects of photonics. This paper gives the state‐of‐the‐art review of fabrication, characterization and application on the ion‐beam‐processed micro‐ and submicrometric photonic structures by highlighting the most recent research progress. A brief prospect is presented by focusing on a few potential spotlights.

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Fabrication of optical waveguides in KGW by swift heavy ion beam irradiation

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review

Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Ion Implantation/Irradiation: A Review

Femtosecond laser and swift-ion damage in lithium niobate: A comparative analysis

Micro‐ and submicrometric waveguiding structures in optical crystals produced by ion beams for photonic applications

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