Fabrication of organic light-emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer

Fardel, Romain; Nagel, Matthias; Nüesch, Frank; Lippert, Thomas; Wokaun, Alexander

doi:10.1063/1.2759475

Cited by 168 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…10 Moreover, LIFT can be used for printing different complex materials, such as inorganic inks or pastes, 11 organic polymers, 12 and even biological solutions. 8,[13][14][15] The feasibility of the technique for depositing these materials has been proved through the fabrication of diverse functional devices such as microbatteries, 11 solar cells, 16 organic light-emitting diodes, 17 or biosensors. 18,19 Such interesting features prompted several studies on the transfer process which takes place during the LIFT of liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved imaging of the laser forward transfer of liquids

Duocastella¹,

Fernández-Pradas²,

Morenza³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

139

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Time-resolved imaging is carried out to study the dynamics of the laser-induced forward transfer of an aqueous solution at different laser fluences. The transfer mechanisms are elucidated, and directly correlated with the material deposited at the analyzed irradiation conditions. It is found that there exists a fluence range in which regular and well-defined droplets are deposited. In this case, laser pulse energy absorption results in the formation of a plasma, which expansion originates a cavitation bubble in the liquid. After the further expansion and collapse of the bubble, a long and uniform jet is developed, which advances at a constant velocity until it reaches the receptor substrate. On the other hand, for lower fluences no material is deposited. In this case, although a jet can be also generated, it recoils before reaching the substrate. For higher fluences, splashing is observed on the receptor substrate due to the bursting of the cavitation bubble. Finally, a discussion of the possible mechanisms which lead to such singular dynamics is also provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved imaging of the laser forward transfer of liquids

Duocastella¹,

Fernández-Pradas²,

Morenza³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…4,5 In particular, the introduction of a gap between the substrates was viewed as a means to improve the robustness and applicability of the technique. LIFT with the substrates "in contact" limits the application of multiple stages of LIFT to the same receiver substrate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT), also known as laser direct-write, 1 is a class of printing techniques that have already been used to fabricate basic small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) 2,3 and polymeric OLEDs (PLEDs). 4,5 OLEDs are a form of solid-state lighting, under intense research for commercial applications, 6,7 with OLED electronic displays of particular interest. 8 One challenge which has proved more complex for thin-film electroluminescent (EL) OLEDs than existing liquid crystal display (LCD) technologies is the actual deposition of individual pixels with traditional lithographic techniques requiring specific chemical modification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Dry" OLED printing techniques using lasers have been developed to overcome these problems, 8,[12][13][14] including LIFT. 4,5 In our modification of the LIFT process, a thin photodecomposable triazene polymer layer (TP) acts as sacrificial "dynamic release layer" (DRL). 15 It decomposes under nspulsed UV laser irradiation and propels the overlying layers from the donor to the receiver substrate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red-green-blue polymer light-emitting diode pixels printed by optimized laser-induced forward transfer

Shaw-Stewart

Lippert

Nagel

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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An optimized laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) technique has been used to fabricate tri-color organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels. At reduced pressures, and with a defined donor-receiver gap, patterned depositions of polyfluorene-based OLED pixels have been achieved. OLED pixel functionality has been demonstrated and compared with devices made using conventional deposition techniques. In addition, improved functionality has been obtained by coating the cathode with an electron-injecting layer, a process not possible using conventional OLED fabrication techniques. The OLED pixels fabricated by LIFT reach efficiencies on the range of conventionally fabricated devices and even surpass them in the case of blue pixels.

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“…In this context, promising candidates to accomplish all targets are polymers with triazene moieties (>N-N=N-), whose biological activity was successfully tested in cancer therapy, 14 and which have gained importance as useful tools in organic synthesis 15 or in processes following the laser structuring compared to the UV-light. [16][17][18] Taking in consideration the special properties of triazene compounds and our interest in developing photopolymers including triazene polyacrylates, 19,20 here we report a first study on the ability of the triazene copolymers to present fluorescence properties. Also, significant arguments about physical and chemical aspects of triazene moieties will be presented, because these investigations can offer essential information in understanding the mechanism of fluorescence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Properties of Some Triazene Polyacrylates for Possible Sensor Applications

Buruiana¹,

Stroea²,

Buruiană³

2009

Polym. J.

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We report here a first study on the capacity of the triazene chromophore attached to a polymeric backbone to present fluorescence properties. The sensing ability of two triazene copolymers poly[1-(phenyl)-3-(2 acryloyloxyethyl)-3-methyl triazene-1-co-methyl methacrylate] (TCP-1) and poly[1-(paramethoxy-phenyl)-3-(2 acryloyloxyethyl)-3-methyl triazene-1-co-methyl methacrylate] (TCP-2) in dimethylformamide (DMF) has been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy in tandem with a quenching experiments using a variety of metal ions (Fe 3þ , Fe 2 , Cu 2þ and Cu þ ), which suggests that these triazene polymers could find practical applications for detection of metal ions. The emission spectra exhibited strong fluorescence emissions at 375 nm (TCP-1) and 410 nm (TCP-2) respectively, while the ability of Fe 3þ , Fe 2þ , Cu 2þ and Cu þ to quench the fluorescence of the triazene fluorophore has been explained on the basis of energy transfer processes involving the triazene excited state and the metal ion. The corresponding Stern-Volmer representations for all fluorescence emission spectra were also described.KEY WORDS: Polyacrylates / Fluorescence / Quenching / Sensor / Fluorescence spectroscopy and its applications in biochemical, medical, and chemical research have improved rapidly during the past decade.1 The increased interest on fluorescence emission appears to be the consequence of numerous developments and the fast appearance of new fluorescence methods in explaining physical and life sciences research. Based on sensitivity, selectivity and non-destructive characteristics, fluorescence spectroscopy can evidence various photophysical properties like fluorescence intensity, 1 emission maximum, 2 anisotropy, excimer or exciplex formation, 3 etc., whereas any variation caused by connecting or interacting with special external species (for instance, metal ions) could be used for sensing purposes. 4 In fact, the fluorescent sensors can offer several distinct advantages in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response time and local observation. In the case of selective fluorescence sensors for cation detection, the scientists made considerable efforts for the development of these kinds of systems.As a general characteristic, fluorescence quenching refers to any process which undergoes emission intensity changes of a given molecule. Fluorescence response can be generated by a variety of mechanisms, including excited state reactions, energy transfer, complex formation, and collision quenching, 5,6 while photoinduced electron transfer and electronic energy transfer are considered the two main deactivation pathway responsible for an efficient fluorescence inhibition.Our group has specially focused on designing and fabricating a diversity of (co)polymers bearing different fluorophores such as pyrene, 7,8 dansyl, 9 stilbene 10,11 or anthracene 12 characterized through high quantum yields and good extinction coefficients, making them attractive components of biological and chemical sensors.

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Fabrication of organic light-emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer

Cited by 168 publications

References 21 publications

Time-resolved imaging of the laser forward transfer of liquids

Time-resolved imaging of the laser forward transfer of liquids

Red-green-blue polymer light-emitting diode pixels printed by optimized laser-induced forward transfer

Fluorescence Properties of Some Triazene Polyacrylates for Possible Sensor Applications

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