Fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate hydrogel beads and its application in photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline

Du, Zoufei; Liu, Fei; Xiao, Changfa; Dan, Yi; Jiang, Long

doi:10.1007/s10853-020-05299-7

Cited by 29 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of AB 15 C 2 hydrogels with increased CNT loadings showed a shift from a homogeneously porous structure (Figure 4c) to an increasingly more heterogeneous porous network with decreased pore sizes (Figure 4d‐‐f). This finding is consistent with literature [ 25 ] and confirms the interactions between CNTs and ABC hydrogels. Hence, for the following demonstrations, we used AB 15 C 2 with 1.0 wt% CNTs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

SMART Silly Putty: Stretchable, Malleable, Adherable, Reusable, and Tear‐Resistible Hydrogels

Chen

Murphy

Wang

et al. 2022

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the spectrum, thermoplastics can deform and flow when heated above their melting temperature but remain rigid at room temperature. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) that combine the processability of thermoplastics and the elasticity of elastomers are attractive as tough yet stretchable and reprocessible materials. [2] Nevertheless, many TPEs are not repairable and often require elaborate synthesis.Stretchability, self-healing, and reprocessability could be achieved together through the introduction of non-covalent interactions or dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs). The former involves hydrogen bonding, [3] Coulombic interactions, [4] chain entanglement, [5] and supramolecular interactions, [6] which feature weak bond energies (compared to covalent bonds), as well as long healing times, slow stress relaxations, and a dependence on external stimuli. [7] DCBs, on the other hand, offer structural stability yet can undergo debonding and rebonding when activated. Therefore, DCBs are attractive for self-healing and reusability. [8] Commonly studied DCBs include ester, [9] disulfide, [10] imine, [11] thiol-X, [12] boronic ester, [13] and silyl ether bond. [14] Most DCBs, however, require high temperatures, the use of catalysts, or external stimuli to achieve reversible bonding and debonding. [8] Among them, boronic esters are readily reversible at room temperature without any catalyst or external stimuli. [8] Previous efforts primarily employed hydrophobic boronic acid (phenyl boronic acid, PBA) and catechol groups as the dynamic covalent crosslinker, resulting in elongations at break varying from 1.1 to 10 times of its original length, l o . [2,15] Replacing PBA with boric acid (BA) allows hydrogels to achieve similar stretchability (λ = l/l o , ≈7.5) and instant self-healing (within a few seconds) in the presence of alginates. [16] Alternatively, double networks (DNs) of two physically entangled matrices have shown promise to address the brittleness of conventional single network hydrogels. A typical double network includes a flexible but weak network A with loosely crosslinked covalent or non-covalent interactions, and a brittle but strong network B with permanently crosslinked covalent bonds. [17] The resulting DNs exhibit high toughness (fracture energy up to 9000 J m −2 ) and good stretchability (10 to 20). [4,7a,18] However, DNs are typically not reprocessible.Here, we integrate both designs into a DN hydrogel with DCBs. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is crosslinked by BA through the formation of boronic ester, a type of DCB, referred as AB hydrogel, while chitosan forms the second network through Cell engineering, soft robotics, and wearable electronics often desire soft materials that are easy to deform, self-heal readily, and can relax stress rapidly. Hydrogels, a type of hydrophilic networks, are such kind of materials that can be made responsive to environmental stimuli. However, conventional hydrogels often suffer from poor stretchability and repairability. Here, hydrogels consisting of boronic ester dynamic covale...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

SMART Silly Putty: Stretchable, Malleable, Adherable, Reusable, and Tear‐Resistible Hydrogels

Chen

Murphy

Wang

et al. 2022

Small

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show abstract

“…It can be used as photobioreactor removal of nutrients (not just dyes) from wastewater [79]. PVA/SA hydrogel beads were fabricated with a across-linking agent of FeCl 3 and boric acid as the catalyst for the photo-Fenton process of TC [80]. Hydrogels rose as a promising 3D material as a heterogenous photo-Fenton catalyst.…”

Section: Alginatementioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment by Polymeric Microspheres: A Review

Lee

Patel

2022

Polymers

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This review addresses polymer microspheres used as adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The removal of various pollutants (including dyes, heavy metal ions, and organic pollutants) is a prominent issue, as they can cause severe health problems. Porous microspheres can provide large specific area and active sites for adsorption or photo degradation. Enhancement in performance is achieved by various modifications, such as the introduction of nanoparticles, magnetic particles, and ZIF-8. Some microspheres were synthesized from synthetic polymers such as vinylic polymer and polydopamine (PDA) through a facile fabrication process. Natural polymers (such as cellulose, alginate, and chitosan) that are biodegradable and eco-friendly are also used. The adsorbents used in industrial application require high adsorption capacity, thermal stability, and recyclability. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal conditions, influence of related factors, and adsorption capacities. Insights regarding the adsorption mechanisms were given from the kinetic model, isotherm model, and various characterization methods. The recyclability is investigated through regeneration ratio, or their maintenance of their capability through repeated adsorption-desorption cycles. The high potential of polymer microsphere for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is shown through the high adsorption capacities, environmentally friendliness, and high stability.

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“…Until now, several typical kinds of methods have been reported for fabricating photocatalyst-immobilized gels with interconnected macropores, including lyophilization, ,,− 3D printing, formation of pores with the help of microcrystals at high temperature, etc. Lyophilization is a common method to introduce interconnected macropores into photocatalyst-immobilized gel matrixes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Fabrication of Photocatalyst-Immobilized Gel Beads with Interconnected Macropores for the Efficient Removal of Pollutants in Water

Xie

Qin

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A novel strategy is developed for the facile fabrication of photocatalyst-immobilized gel beads with interconnected macropores for the efficient removal of pollutants in water via visible photocatalysis. In this study, a graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (CNNS) is selected as the photocatalyst and calcium alginate (CaAlg) is used as the gel matrix. The interconnected macropores inside the gel beads, which are beneficial to the efficient mass transfer of pollutants, are generated using bubbles as templates. Air bubbles are wrapped in a pre-gel aqueous solution containing sodium alginate (NaAlg), CNNS, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) by vigorously stirring the solution, and then, the foamy solution is dripped into calcium chloride/acetate acid (CaCl 2 /CH 3 COOH) mixed aqueous solution. The rapid crosslink of Ca 2+ with alginate turns the droplets into gel beads, and meanwhile, the macropores inside droplets become interconnected because of the rapid generation of CO 2 gas upon the reaction between NaHCO 3 and excess CH 3 COOH. Effects of the formulations of pre-gel solutions, including NaAlg, CNNS, NaHCO 3 , and SDS contents, on the structures and photocatalytic performances of gel beads are investigated systematically. Demonstrated by removing a model pollutant rhodamine B (RhB) from water, CNNS-immobilized CaAlg gel beads with interconnected macropores exhibit excellent photocatalytic performances under visible light. About 99% of RhB in water can be removed efficiently within 30 min under visible light using the as-prepared gel beads. Importantly, the proposed gel beads can be easily recycled with stable photocatalytic performances. The proposed novel strategy for fabricating photocatalyst-immobilized gel beads with interconnected macropores is highly promising and is of great reference value for the fabrication of macroporous gel beads for various applications.

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Fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate hydrogel beads and its application in photo-Fenton degradation of tetracycline

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

SMART Silly Putty: Stretchable, Malleable, Adherable, Reusable, and Tear‐Resistible Hydrogels

SMART Silly Putty: Stretchable, Malleable, Adherable, Reusable, and Tear‐Resistible Hydrogels

Wastewater Treatment by Polymeric Microspheres: A Review

Facile Fabrication of Photocatalyst-Immobilized Gel Beads with Interconnected Macropores for the Efficient Removal of Pollutants in Water

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