Fabrication of polypyrrole gas sensor for detection of NH3 using an oxidizing agent and pyrrole combinations: Studies and characterizations

Jain, Alok; Nabeel, A.I.; Bhagwat, Sunita; Kumar, Rajiv; Sharma, Shubham; Kozak, Dražan; Hunjet, Anica; Kumar, Abhinav; Singh, Randhir

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17611

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…A broad peak is observed at 2θ = 21.8°, which is the characteristic of amorphous PPy and is caused by the scattering of PPy chains on the plane spacing. 30,31 For CF, CP-1, CP-4, and CPI-1 samples, an amorphous diffraction peak was detected near 2θ = 24.8°, which is due to the (002) crystal plane of the fibrous graphite structure, indicating a complex mixture of the crystalline graphite phase and amorphous carbon matrix of CF. 32 After compounding with CF, the low-intensity diffraction absorption peaks of CP-1, CP-4, and CPI-1 were detected at 2θ = 35.3°.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flexible Hierarchical Polyimide/Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Films for Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Li,

Chu

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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With the booming of telecommunication and microelectronics, it is essential to develop electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with low reflectivity characteristics to avoid the secondary pollution from electromagnetic waves (EMWs). Herein, we fabricated a series of hierarchical polypyrrole/carbon nanofiber (PPy/CF) composites with multilayer PPy films. The EMI shielding performance can be adjusted by attaching different layered PPy films. The EMI shielding efficiency (SE) of PPy/CF composite films can reach to 74.59 dB with an electrical conductivity of 3.02 × 10 −3 S/mm. Moreover, in order to make the composite film have excellent strength and flexibility, we specially designed an acetone-soluble polyimide (PI) resin to encapsulate PPy/CF. After packaging with PI, the composite films are imparted with high flexibility and mechanical properties with the tensile strength and modulus of 4.65 and 153.03 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the resultant PI/PPy/ CF composite films also possess favorable Joule heating performance and sensing monitoring. The Joule heating temperature of PI/ PPy/CF films reaches 131.0 °C within 15 s when the applied voltage is 5 V. The fabricated composite films are promising for applications in the fields of aerospace, telecommunication, and microelectronic engineering and multifunctional wearable devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flexible Hierarchical Polyimide/Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Films for Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Li,

Chu

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…According to reports, the friction coefficient drops as the normal load rises. CoF is not significantly affected as the sliding speed rises (Jain et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Novel study on investigating the mechanical, microstructure morphological, and dry sliding wear characteristics of grey cast iron GG25 with copper additions for valve guides in internal combustion engine

Singh,

Singh Grewal,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Front. Mater.

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Introduction: The performance functionality efficacy of the engine’s valve train assembly is considerably affected by the valve guide. Material selection is impacted by the prolonged operational lifespan of engines, which favours casting and machining materials such as cast iron. The intent of this study is to examine the dry sliding characteristics of GG25 cast iron with copper additives. Discovering the ways in which variations in load and sliding velocity impact wear characteristics is of paramount significance.Methods: The research entailed the examination of wear characteristics across various environmental conditions. Loads were varied at 30 N, 40 N, and 50 N while maintaining a 1 m/s velocity constant. In the same manner, sliding velocities of 0.5 m/s, 1 m/s, and 2 m/s were varied while a constant load of 30 N was maintained. Experimental techniques were carried out at ambient temperature. Throughout the investigations, frictional forces and the coefficient of friction were also determined. The wear mechanisms of samples that had become deteriorated or worn-out were examined by employing a scanning electron microscope when combined with EDX analysis.Results: A rise in the normal load from 30 N to 40 N led to a twofold rise in wear losses, measuring 417 microns as compared with 222 microns previously. The range of wear losses observed at moderate speeds (0.5 m/s–1 m/s) was 133–222 microns. Conversely, the maximum wear loss observed was 1,226 microns at elevated sliding velocities of 2 m/s, in contrast to 617 microns at higher normal loads of 50 N. Additionally, the research discovered that normal load is more pronounced when both loading and speed are moderate, whereas sliding speed becomes more substantial when both are raised, culminating to higher wear losses.Discussions: In summary, the research highlights the considerable effect that normal load and sliding speed have on the prevalence of wear losses. In conditions of moderate loading and velocity, the influence of normal load is more significant. However, as sliding accelerates, it becomes the predominant factor. An analysis of frictional forces as well as the coefficient of friction indicated that under loading conditions of 30 N–50 N, the friction coefficient raised from 0.238 to 0.43. The wear mechanisms, as discerned via scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis, underscored the considerable impact of increased sliding velocity on wear loss in comparison to conditions of higher loading.

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“…The electrical conductivity of the conducting polymers decreased as oxidation degree increased. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal stability of conducting polymers for application needs, surfactants [ 190 , 191 ], metal complexes [ 192 ] and other substances were added [ 193 , 194 ]. We also studied the thermal stability and the conductivity of the saturated solution of ethanol used as reference ( Figure 16 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Prospects in the Study of Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as a Dopant for Conducting Polymers

2024

Molecules

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Owing to their special structure and excellent physical and chemical properties, conducting polymers have attracted increasing attention in materials science. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the comprehensive performance of conducting polymers by using the technique of “doping.” Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) bearing polyelectrolyte chains grafted densely to the surface of core particles have the potential to be novel dopant of conducting polymers not only because of their spherical structure, high grafting density and high charge density, but also due to the possibility of their being applied in printed electronics. This review first presents a summary of the general dopants of conducting polymers. Meanwhile, conducting polymers doped with spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) is highlighted, including the preparation, characterization, performance and doping mechanism. It is demonstrated that comprehensive performance of conducting polymers has improved with the addition of SPBs, which act as template and dopant in the synthesis of composites. Furthermore, the applications and future developments of conductive composites are also briefly reviewed and proposed, which would draw more attention to this field.

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Fabrication of polypyrrole gas sensor for detection of NH3 using an oxidizing agent and pyrrole combinations: Studies and characterizations

Cited by 16 publications

References 72 publications

Flexible Hierarchical Polyimide/Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Films for Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Flexible Hierarchical Polyimide/Polypyrrole/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Films for Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Novel study on investigating the mechanical, microstructure morphological, and dry sliding wear characteristics of grey cast iron GG25 with copper additions for valve guides in internal combustion engine

Advances and Prospects in the Study of Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as a Dopant for Conducting Polymers

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