“…Furthermore, the presence of carbide may retard particle coarsening during annealing in order to retain the strength of the composite. In electro-friction application of contact materials, carbide was purposely added into Cu to increase mechanical properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] and wear resistance [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Tungsten carbide has unique properties, such as high melting point, extremely high hardness, fracture toughness, compressive strength and excellent corrosion resistance and thermal stability.…”