Fabrication of tungsten-iron-doped TiO2 nanotubes via anodization: new photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical cathodic protection under visible light

Abstract

The simultaneous doping of tungsten (W) and iron (Fe) into TiO 2 nanotubes (W-Fe-TNTs) has been performed via onestep anodizing in different ratios of W and Fe in this work. The synthesized samples were characterized by the XRD, FE-SEM, EDX-mapping, and UV-Vis techniques which proved the appropriate formation of the doped samples. The photocathodic protection effect of the synthesized samples was also studied using electrochemical measurement techniques including OCP, chronoamperometry and Tafel polarization curves. The experimental results indicated that the samples could protect the 403SS from corrosion very well. The W-Fe-TNT sample with equal percentage of W and Fe showed the best photoelectrochemical anticorrosion effect for stainless steel under visible light illumination.

Review on the Solar-Driven Photocathodic Protection of Metals in the Marine Environment

“…This is mainly attributed to the substitution of Ti 4+ lattice sites by Ni, which leads to the formation of oxygen vacancies and, thus, improves the photo-generated electron transfer rate. Momeni et al [16] have employed a one-step anodic oxidation method to simultaneously incorporate different proportions of tungsten and iron into TiO2 nanotubes for PCP of metals. The experimental results indicate that the Ti, O, W, and Fe elements have been uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the samples.…”

Review—Combining Experimental and Engineering Aspects of Catalyst Design for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

“…of the p-type photocathode is higher (more negative) than water reduction potential (E H+/H2 ) then photo-electrons results in electrode depletion. 52 These losses can be minimized by (i) doping 53 or sensitization of the semiconductor for better band-alignment 47,54,55 (ii) creating 3-D Nano-architecture 39,56 (iii) morphological alterations or facet modification [57][58][59] and (iv) surface passivation by protective coating. [58][59][60][61][62] Considering these losses, selecting an appropriate semiconductor is always a crucial and decisive step in any reaction.…”

Highly Efficient CuInSe2 Sensitized TiO2 Nanotube Films for Photocathodic Protection of 316 Stainless Steel

“…Secondly, the photogenerated carriers in TiO 2 are easy to recombine, which greatly reduces its photoelectric conversion efficiency [16], making it unable to protect metals in dark environments. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the TiO 2 , for example, through doping, with metal elements (W [17], Fe [18], Ni [19], etc.) or non-metal elements (N [20], B [21], etc.…”