Fabrications of L-Band LiNbO3-Based SAW Resonators for Aerospace Applications

Hu, Baofa; Zhang, Shaoda; Zhang, Hong; Lv, Wenting; Zhang, Chunquan; Lv, Xiaomeng; San, Haisheng

doi:10.3390/mi10060349

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Finally, it should be noted that, when having access to highly advanced and expensive manufacturing facilities, finite element method (FEM) simulations can be used to develop a physically based model for SAW design optimization [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], in order to meet the specific application requirements. On the other hand, when using commercial devices, the user has access to only the information available in the datasheets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Performance Evaluation of Commercial SAW Resonators by Means of a Direct and Reliable Equivalent-Circuit Extraction

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators are attracting growing attention, owing to their widespread applications in various engineering fields, such as electronic, telecommunication, automotive, chemical, and biomedical engineering. A thorough assessment of SAW performance is a key task for bridging the gap between commercial SAW devices and practical applications. To contribute to the accomplishment of this crucial task, the present paper reports the findings of a new comparative study that is based on the performance evaluation of different commercial SAW resonators by using scattering (S-) parameter measurements coupled with a Lorentzian fitting and an accurate modelling technique for the straightforward extraction of a lumped-element equivalent-circuit representation. The developed investigation thus provides ease and reliability when choosing the appropriate commercial device, depending on the requirements and constraints of the given sensing application. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of commercial surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators by means of scattering (S-) parameter measurements and an equivalent-circuit model extracted using a reliable modeling procedure. The studied devices are four TO-39 packaged two-port resonators with different nominal operating frequencies: 418.05, 423.22, 433.92, and 915 MHz. The S-parameter characterization was performed locally around the resonant frequencies of the tested SAW resonators by using an 8753ES Agilent vector network analyzer (VNA) and a home-made calibration kit. The reported measurement-based study has allowed for the development of a comprehensive and detailed comparative analysis of the performance of the investigated SAW devices. The characterization and modelling procedures are fully automated with a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) developed in the Python environment, thereby making the experimental analysis faster and more efficient.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Performance Evaluation of Commercial SAW Resonators by Means of a Direct and Reliable Equivalent-Circuit Extraction

et al. 2021

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“…A smart material is a material with the ability to respond to one or more stimuli, such as temperature, pH, light, solvent polarity, electricity, pressure, and/or magnetic fields in the surrounding environment and accordingly obeys a material property change to generate a sensor or an actuator . The current study focused on a simple approach towards the production of smart cobbles that can respond to light to introduce a long‐persistent luminescent smart product that is able to function as electricity‐free long‐persistence glow‐in‐the‐dark cobbles for soft indoor and outdoor lighting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of long‐persistent photoluminescent epoxy resin immobilized with europium (II)‐doped strontium aluminate

et al. 2019

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A facile approach for possible industrial production of long-persistent phosphorescence, continuing to emitting light for a long time period, smart cobbles were developed toward photoluminescent hard surfaces. The inorganic strontium aluminium oxide pigment doped with rare earth elements was added to a synthetic organic epoxy in the presence of polyamine as a hardener to make a phosphor-loaded viscous fluid that can then be hardened in a few minutes. The transparency of the solid cobbles can be accomplished easily using homogeneous dispersion of the phosphor in the epoxy resin fluid before the addition of a hardener to avoid pigment aggregation. This pigment-epoxy formula can be easily applied industrially onto flagstones surfaces under ambient conditions. The photoluminescent cobblestones demonstrated an optimum excitation wavelength at 366 nm and an emission band at 521 nm with a long-persistent phosphorescence cobble surface. The development of a translucent white colour under normal daylight, bright green under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, bright white colour after 30 sec in the dark, and phosphorescent green colour after 75 min in the dark was indicated using Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) Laboratory coloration measurements. The luminescent hard composite cobble exhibited a highly durable and reversible long-persistent phosphorescence light. Photoluminescence, morphological, and hardness properties as well as the elemental composition of the prepared cobbles were explored. K E Y W O R D S cobbles, crosslink, epoxy resin, long-lasting phosphorescence, strontium aluminate

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“…Besides the digitalization of classical industrial processes, Furniss et al [302] presented a wireless monitoring system using a SAW strain sensor to be operated under cryogenic conditions in aerospace and marine applications. Later, Hu et al [303] developed a wireless fault detection system for aerospace vehicles based on an L-band SAW resonator deposited by electron-beam lithography on a 128° Y-X LiNbO3 substrate. They reported a strain sensitivity of -831 Hz/με and a temperature sensitivity of 125.4 kHz/°C in a range of 25 -250 °C.…”

Section: ) Temperature Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Sensing Technology to Enable Next-Generation Industry and Smart Machines for the Factories of the Future: A Review

Hamed,

O’Donnell,

Lishchenko

et al. 2023

IEEE Sensors J.

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In the era of digitalization, there is a huge focus on capturing data from manufacturing processes and systems. Since the promotion of Industry 4.0, the industrial marketplace has been crowded with solution providers who excel in capturing and aggregating data on the cloud and presenting it on dashboards. From machine states to production targets, this type of data has become more readily available from tools, controllers, switches, and factory bus systems. As the industry pushes deeper into the machine for information and aspires to have smart machines that can feel and react to experiences during the manufacturing process, then more sophisticated technology is necessary. Strain sensor technology is a logical measurement principle to address this challenge for many industrial sectors. For researchers and industrialists to progress toward the smart machine agenda, there must be a firm grasp of the "technology-solution fit," i.e., what strain technology could provide the most appropriate solution. This paper presents a review of the state of the art in strain sensors that are foreseen as frontrunners to enable next-generation smart components and intelligent tools. The review focuses on industrial strain sensing technologies that are at a mature place on the technology readiness levels (TRLs) and present themselves as highly practical solutions for smart components and digitized machines, considering sensitivity, powered or passive, wired or wireless, and robustness. Through this review, researchers and industrialists will have a suite of solutions to move on with their innovative designs of smart machines based on embedded strain sensor technology.

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Fabrications of L-Band LiNbO3-Based SAW Resonators for Aerospace Applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

On the Performance Evaluation of Commercial SAW Resonators by Means of a Direct and Reliable Equivalent-Circuit Extraction

On the Performance Evaluation of Commercial SAW Resonators by Means of a Direct and Reliable Equivalent-Circuit Extraction

Development of long‐persistent photoluminescent epoxy resin immobilized with europium (II)‐doped strontium aluminate

Strain Sensing Technology to Enable Next-Generation Industry and Smart Machines for the Factories of the Future: A Review

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