Demyelinating diseases affect both adults and children and encompass a large spectrum of disorders caused by different mechanisms including abnormal autoimmune or inflammatory responses, viral infections, metabolic alterations, genetic defects, etc. In adults, multiple sclerosis (MS) represents the most common demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Its prevalence is about 50-300 per 100,000 people (Thompson, Baranzini, Geurts, Hemmer, & Ciccarelli, 2018). Despite the great efforts in research devoted to this field, the aetiology of the disease is intricate and is not still fully understood in all its relevant facets.