Facade design principles for nearly zero energy buildings in a cold climate

The potential of net zero energy buildings (NZEBs) concept at design stage for healthcare buildings towards sustainable development

“…In addition, Aleinei et al [16] stated that the passive design strategies in buildings should be appropriately orientating building towards solar heating maximization when buildings are dealing with heating challenges. Moreover, according to Thalfeldt et al [24] when designing NZEBs, façades has a strong impact on heating, cooling and artificial light in the building needs as well as on daylight. Thus, it is important to realise that the passive heating solutions are essential to be studied along with passive cooling solutions in order to prevent overheating in a building [16].…”

Energy in buildings—Policy, materials and solutions

“…The addition of a fourth layer of glazing further lowers the U-value, but such products have not made an impact in the market due to the high cost-to-benefit ratio, high weight, and increased thickness. 93 More innovative solutions along this line are the use of thin glazing layers in quadruple glazing or polymer film multi-chamber glazing units. 94 Vacuum insulation glazing (VIG) approaches the problem differently and eliminates the gas phase conductance altogether but requires stringent criteria on the edge seal and the use of support pillars to keep the panes apart, resisting against the outside atmospheric pressure.…”

Determination of Optimum Window to External Wall Ratio for Offices in a Hot and Humid Climate

“…Thalfeldt et al [33] studied costly optimal and energy efficient window to external wall ratio and external shading device simulations in the cold climate of Estonia. The optimal window to external wall ratio was 40% and 60%.…”