Face and neck pigmentary alterations in hair dye users: A cross-sectional study from South India

Meghana, Valeti; Gopinath, Hima; Karthikeyan, Kaliaperumal; Venugopal, Vengatesan

doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_313_19

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Exacerbation with sun‐exposure was noted in 39.2% patients, which is quite similar to that reported by Satish et al 10 Other aggravating factors reflected culturally‐acceptable application of agents like henna (18.2%), hair dye (17.5%), mustard oil (15.6%), and amla oil (14.4%). The association of melasma with many of these topical agents has been previously reported, although mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated, 11 hair dyes and coloring agents may produce or exacerbate melasma via paraphenylenediamine‐induced pigmentation and contact dermatitis 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association of melasma with many of these topical agents has been previously reported, although mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated, 11 hair dyes and coloring agents may produce or exacerbate melasma via paraphenylenediamine-induced pigmentation and contact dermatitis. 12 Increased circulating estrogen hormone levels have been implicated in pregnancy. 13 In our study, 12.4% of patients demonstrated association with pregnancy, which is similar reports from other Indian studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinico‐epidemiological profile and long term follow up in melasma

Kumaran

Kaushik

et al. 2021

Dermatologic Therapy

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Melasma is a disorder of hyperpigmentation that is frustratingly resistant to therapy with a high recurrence rate on treatment discontinuation. With the scarcity of melasma epidemiological studies from India, we conducted this study to see clinicoepidemiological trends and therapeutic response. Totally 957 melasma patients were studied during the 5-year period between October 2014 and September 2019. A female preponderance was seen. Patients were classified as early, moderate, and late responders if they had more than 80% clinical improvement within 8, 8-12, and 12-16 weeks rest classified as nonresponders. Six hundred and forty-eight patients with mMASI of ≤5 had been prescribed non-hydroquinone-based therapies who had overall response rate of 40.9% by end of 16 weeks, 309 with mMASI >5 received hydroquinone based triple combination with a response rate of 33.6% at end of 16 weeks. A total of 33.65% responded to triple combination compared to 40.1% in the nonhydroquinone group. All nonresponders received oral tranexamic acid 250 mg twice daily. Most patients on oral tranexamic acid group developed recurrence by 6 weeks post discontinuation, compared with triple combination therapy group who had relapsed by 2 months post discontinuation and 4 months to relapse with non-hydroquinone-based therapies. Side effects experienced were 0.83% in hydroquinone group reporting erythema and burning. 0.57% in non-hydroquinone group perceived stinging sensation and none from tranexamic acid group. The longest follow up available in our study was for 18 months. The emergent need of the hour is a long, safe, and effective therapy for melasma. K E Y W O R D S melasma, tranexamic acid 1 | INTRODUCTION Melasma is a familiar hyperpigmentary disorder commonly affecting females in third to fourth decade, involving the sun-exposed areas, especially face and neck, with the prevalence of 4% among southeast Asians. 1 Its exact cause is enigmatous with multiple putative factors including sunlight exposure, genetic causes, hormonal therapy, pregnancy, cosmetic agents, and thyroid dysfunction being frequently implicated. 2 Sunblocks stays the cornerstone of melasma treatment, followed by topical therapies including hydroquinone, non-hydroquinone creams, and triple combination (hydroquinone, tretinoin, and a corticosteroid). With advent of tranexamic acid (TXA) in melasma management, quality of life in melasma patients has improved. 3 Herein we analyzed, treatment trends and follow-up outcomes among our melasma patients during 5 year period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico‐epidemiological profile and long term follow up in melasma

Kumaran

Kaushik

et al. 2021

Dermatologic Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Pigmented contact dermatitis may occur without positive patch test results, suggesting that mechanisms other than contact sensitization may be involved. 17 Because PCD is more common in people of colour and pigmentation is frequently located in areas exposed to the sun, ultraviolet light may play a supporting role in the pathogenicity of the disease. Moreover, some chemicals implicated in PCD not only stimulate melanogenesis but are also known photosensitizers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigmented contact dermatitis and hair dyes: A retrospective case–control multicentre study in Korea

Kim,

Chung,

Chang

et al. 2023

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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BackgroundPigmented contact dermatitis (PCD), a rare variant of non‐eczematous contact dermatitis, is clinically characterized by sudden‐onset brown or grey pigmentation on the face and neck. It is hypothesized to be caused by repeated contact with low levels of allergens.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the risk of using hair dyes in patients with PCD in Korea.MethodsA total of 1033 PCD patients and 1366 controls from 31 university hospitals were retrospectively recruited. We collected and analysed the data from the patient group, diagnosed through typical clinical findings of PCD and the control group, which comprised age/sex‐matched patients who visited the participating hospitals with pre‐existing skin diseases other than current allergic disease or PCD.ResultsMelasma and photosensitivity were significantly more common in the control group, and a history of contact dermatitis was more common in the PCD group. There were significantly more Fitzpatrick skin type V participants in the PCD group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in sunscreen use between the groups. Using dermatologic medical history, Fitzpatrick skin type and sunscreen use as covariates, we showed that hair dye use carried a higher PCD risk (odds ratio [OR] before adjustment: 2.06, confidence interval [CI]: 1.60–2.65; OR after adjustment: 2.74, CI: 1.88–4.00). Moreover, henna users had a higher risk of PCD (OR before adjustment: 5.51, CI: 4.07–7.47; OR after adjustment: 7.02, CI: 4.59–10.74), indicating a significant increase in the risk of PCD with henna dye use. Contact dermatitis history was more prevalent in henna users than in those using other hair dyes in the PCD group (17.23% vs. 11.55%).ConclusionHair dye use is a risk factor for PCD. The risk significantly increased when henna hair dye was used by those with a history of contact dermatitis.

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Dermatological adverse effects of hair dye use: A narrative review

Palaniappan

Karthikeyan

Shanmugam

2023

IJDVL

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Hair dyeing is a popular practice dating back to ancient Egyptian times. Initially, hair dye use was restricted to concealing grey and white hairs of the elderly population. However, in recent times, its use is common among the younger generation as a fashion statement. Hair dye contact dermatitis is a common dermatological condition encountered by dermatologists. It is a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction that commonly affects the scalp and the vicinity of hair line and neck. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD), a synthetic aromatic amine is the most common allergen specifically implicated in hair dye contact dermatitis. Para-phenylenediamine was announced as the allergen of the year in 2006 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Contact allergy to para-phenylenediamine can occur in 0.1–2.3% of the general population. Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of hair dye contact dermatitis. However, para-phenylenediamine carries a risk of cross-sensitivity and co-sensitization to other allergens. Apart from contact dermatitis, hair dye use is also associated with various other cutaneous adverse effects such as pigmentary changes, hair loss, skin malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Due to the various adverse effects associated with hair dye use, it is prudent to look for safer alternatives to allergenic hair dyes. In this article, we review the epidemiology, cutaneous and systemic adverse effects associated with hair dye use, patch testing, preventive strategies to minimize the risk of hair dye contact dermatitis, and treatment aspects.

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Face and neck pigmentary alterations in hair dye users: A cross-sectional study from South India

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Clinico‐epidemiological profile and long term follow up in melasma

Clinico‐epidemiological profile and long term follow up in melasma

Pigmented contact dermatitis and hair dyes: A retrospective case–control multicentre study in Korea

Dermatological adverse effects of hair dye use: A narrative review

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