Face detection in complex visual displays: An eye-tracking study with 3- and 6-month-old infants and adults

Giorgio, Elisa Di; Turati, Chiara; Altoè, Gianmarco; Simion, Francesca

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.04.012

Cited by 88 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Gliga et al (2009) demonstrated an orienting effect in 6-month-olds when presented with a face within an array of full-color, common objects. Di Giorgio et al (2012), in contrast, did not find an orienting effect in 3-or 6-month-olds, using a similar task, but with black and white stimuli. Thus, it appears that the face-orienting effect is less robust than the attention-holding effect in the middle of the first year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Attention-orienting and attention-holding effects of faces on 4- to 8-month-old infants

DeNicola

Holt

Lambert

et al. 2013

International Journal of Behavioral Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Attention-orienting and attention-holding effects of faces were investigated in a sample of 64 children, aged 4 to 8 months old. A visual preference task was used, in which pairs of faces and toys were presented in eight 10-second trials. Effects of age and sitting-ability were examined. Attention-orienting toward faces was measured using the direction of infants' first looks toward faces. The effect of attentionholding of faces was measured by calculating infants' face preference scores at 1-second time intervals across the duration of each trial. Faces were not found to attract infants' first looks significantly more than chance. However, during the first second of looking-time, infants displayed a face preference that was maintained throughout trial length. This attention-holding effect by faces was not related to sittingability or age.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Attention-orienting and attention-holding effects of faces on 4- to 8-month-old infants

DeNicola

Holt

Lambert

et al. 2013

International Journal of Behavioral Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Frank, Vul, and Johnson (2009) reported increases from 3 to 9 months in interest in (i.e., looking at) faces during free-viewing of video clips from A Charlie Brown Christmas , a finding that was replicated and extended to movies involving real people in Frank, Amso, and Johnson (2014). Di Giorgio, Turati, Altoè, and Simion (2012) found that 6-month-old infants, but not 3-month-old infants, looked longer than expected by chance at faces presented in static arrays of 4 or 6 complex objects. During free viewing of the scenes in Figure 1, Amso et al (2014) observed that looking time to faces increased between 4 and 24 months, although this was not the main focus of their study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…First, the investigations did not include a systematic evaluation of the features of the non-face distractors, making it impossible to know how physical salience impacts infants’ first looks (e.g. DeNicola et al, 2013; Di Giorgio et al, 2012). Second, because the number of items per array differed across studies (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of visual search in infancy: Attention to faces versus salience.

Kwon

Setoodehnia

Baek

et al. 2016

Developmental Psychology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four experiments examined how faces compete with physically salient stimuli for the control of attention in 4-month-old, 6-month-old, and 8-month-old infants (N = 117 total). Three computational models were used to quantify physical salience. We presented infants with visual search arrays containing a face and familiar object(s), such as shoes and flowers. Six- and 8-month-old infants looked first and longest at faces; their looking was not strongly influenced by physical salience. In contrast, 4-month-old infants showed a visual preference for the face only when the arrays contained 2 items and the competitor was relatively low in salience. When the arrays contained many items or the only competitor was relatively high in salience, 4-month-old infants’ looks were more often directed at the most salient item. Thus, over ages of 4 to 8 months, physical salience has a decreasing influence and faces have an increasing influence on where and how long infants look.

show abstract

“…Very young infants (i.e., under two months) tend to direct attention to the outer regions of the face and head (Maurer & Salapatek, 1976), but by three to four months of age, children direct a majority of their visual attention to the eye region (Jones & Klin, 2013). In complex displays, however, faces do not capture the attention of children until around six months of age (Di Giorgio, Turati, Altoè, & Simion, 2012). Eye-tracking studies have indicated a shift in looking to the mouth region as children begin to learn language in the second half of the first year, and a shift back to the eyes around 12 months (Lewkowicz & Hansen-Tift, 2012), although the impact of this shift on interactions with caregivers is unclear.…”

Section: Discrimination and Recognition Of Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Infant capacities related to building internal working models of attachment figures: A theoretical and empirical review

Sherman

Rice

Cassidy

2015

Developmental Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TAccording to attachment theory (e.g., Bowlby, 1969Bowlby, /1982Bowlby, , 1973Bowlby, , 1980, infants develop cognitive models (termed internal working models, IWMs) of their attachment figures during the first year of life. Bowlby proposed his initial thinking about IWMs as more of an outline than a fully defined concept (Bretherton & Munholland, 2008). As such, considerable subsequent theoretical and empirical works have aimed to increase understanding of how IWMs operate (e.g., Bretherton & Munholland, 2008;Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985). To date, however, relatively little research has explored infant cognition with respect to the development of the IWM. In this review, we summarize the IWM concept as it applies to caregiver-specific attachment representations in infancy, review research examining cognitive capacities relevant to building these caregiver-specific representations, and provide directions for future research. We bridge social and cognitive developmental literatures and suggest ways in which researchers can continue to examine these representations. Both attachment researchers and social cognitive researchers can learn from each others' theoretical models and methodologies to understand development at the intersection of social, emotional, and cognitive development in infancy.

show abstract

Face detection in complex visual displays: An eye-tracking study with 3- and 6-month-old infants and adults

Cited by 88 publications

References 44 publications

Attention-orienting and attention-holding effects of faces on 4- to 8-month-old infants

Attention-orienting and attention-holding effects of faces on 4- to 8-month-old infants

The development of visual search in infancy: Attention to faces versus salience.

Infant capacities related to building internal working models of attachment figures: A theoretical and empirical review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About