Face Mask Use and Control of Respiratory Virus Transmission in Households

MacIntyre, C Raina; Cauchemez, Simon; Dwyer, Dominic E.; Seale, Holly; Cheung, Pamela; Browne, Gary; Fasher, Michael; Wood, James G.; Gao, Zeyu; Booy, Robert; Ferguson, Neil

doi:10.3201/eid1502.081166

Cited by 364 publications

(404 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although the main focus of these studies was the effectiveness of interventions, adherence and in some cases tolerability of measures were also investigated. Of these three studies two reported on adherence to wearing facemasks [2,3], which was lower compared to our study. Furthermore, we noted substantially increasing adherence after participants had received detailed instructions during a first household visit (Figs 1 and 2).…”

contrasting

confidence: 94%

“…In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as surgical facemasks or intensified hand hygiene may be effective in preventing influenza transmission when used in households or university residence halls [1][2][3]. In addition to the effectiveness of these interventions, however, it seems equally important to understand which factors influence adherence and tolerability of NPI [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, three studies examining the effectiveness of NPI on household (or dormitory) level have been published [1][2][3]. Although the main focus of these studies was the effectiveness of interventions, adherence and in some cases tolerability of measures were also investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in a German household trial during the 2009/2010 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: adherence and tolerability in children and adults

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as facemasks and intensified hand hygiene may be effective in preventing influenza infections in households. It may be equally important that household members, especially children, can learn to use, maintain and tolerate these measures. We monitored adherence and tolerability of these NPI within a cluster-randomized trial in households with influenza index patients. We recruited 147 participants in 41 households, 39 (95 %) out of 41 index patients were children (aged <14 years). In households assigned to wear facemasks, their use peaked on day 4 after symptom onset of the index patient at 73% and at 65 % for children and adults, respectively. Mean daily frequency of hand disinfection in households assigned to intensified hand hygiene measures peaked at 7 . 7 (day 6) for children and at 10 . 1 (day 5) for adults. The majority of participants reported no problems with mask wearing. Data suggest that usage of NPI can be taught and that measures are well tolerated by adults and even sick children alike.

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confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

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Facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in a German household trial during the 2009/2010 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: adherence and tolerability in children and adults

et al. 2011

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“…A facemask, as a kind of simple and convenient respirator, is widely used in daily life. It has been demonstrated that wearing facemasks for a long time can reduce the probability of infection from influenza-like illnesses (MacIntyre et al, 2009;Natarajan et al, 2016;Lin et al, 2017). Especially, functional facemasks are recommended for frontline healthcare workers to prevent splashes and sprays of blood, body fluids and the spread of infection from the wearer (Siegel et al, 2007;Agarwal et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characteristic of Antibacterial Facemasks with Chinese Herbal Microcapsules

Wang

Kang

You

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Along with the current increases in human activities, air pollution, especially that generated from bioaerosols, has begun to receive more extensive attention. Among the bioaerosols, bacteria and fungi can result in organisms that are pathogenic to animals and humans. Therefore, a biological protective respirator with an antibacterial function would be a significant method by which to prevent epidemic spread of respiratory infectious diseases and protect human health. In this study, a type of facemask with an antibacterial function was prepared. The structure of the respirator included a respirator body and an inner filter layer that was assembled with herbal microcapsules. A kind of Chinese herb microcapsule developed through a cross-linking reaction method was successfully prepared to serve as an important component of the respirator. Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), a typical Chinese medicine, was employed to prepare the Chinese herb microcapsule. Three kinds of filter cloth (cotton, polyester fiber, and non-woven fabric, respectively) were employed to assemble with Chinese herb microcapsule. Meanwhile, the antibacterial performance and adhesion of the Chinese herb microcapsule for E. coli and S. aureus were investigated. The measurement results revealed that (i) the antibacterial efficiency of the Chinese herb microcapsule and the respirator filter was above approximately 99.999 and 96.000%, respectively; (ii) the adhesion of the herb microcapsules was still excellent after the filter was washed 100 times; (iii) the as-prepared antibacterial filter modified by an O 2 plasma-surface (PSM-O 2 ) treatment exhibited excellent antibacterial performance. Finally, a chamber simulation utilizing an Anderson first order sampler was designed to simulate the effect of wearing the antibacterial filter in a real environment. Overall, the respirator exhibited excellent biological protection properties compared with general masks, which will satisfy a vast number of application prospects.

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“…For example, it became obvious, to our intense embarrassment, that it is not at all clear how the influenza virus transmits from person to person. 17,18 With such a dearth of knowledge, how can we utilise to the fullest extent the third and fourth defence zones, the home front and hygiene? A scientific consensus shows that patients with A/swine (H1N1) influenza excrete virus in the upper airways and, upon coughing and sneezing, distribute a droplet cloud of influenza virions which are trapped in these droplets to be inhaled by persons close by, say within one metre.…”

Section: A Modern Application Of the Principles Of Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learnt from the global outbreak of a Darwinian masterpiece: Virus infuenza A (H1N1) 2009

Oxford

2011

Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection

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Face Mask Use and Control of Respiratory Virus Transmission in Households

Abstract: Mask use is associated with low adherence, but adherent mask users are significantly protected against seasonal disease.

Cited by 364 publications

References 24 publications

Facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in a German household trial during the 2009/2010 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: adherence and tolerability in children and adults

Facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in a German household trial during the 2009/2010 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: adherence and tolerability in children and adults

Preparation and Characteristic of Antibacterial Facemasks with Chinese Herbal Microcapsules

Lessons learnt from the global outbreak of a Darwinian masterpiece: Virus infuenza A (H1N1) 2009

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