Face recognition in human extrastriate cortex

Allison, Truett; Ginter, H.; McCarthy, Gregory; Nobre, Anna C.; Puce, Aina; Luby, Marie; Spencer, D. D.

doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.2.821

Cited by 520 publications

(334 citation statements)

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“…The previous studies demonstrated that the capability to discriminate faces from other objects is not affected in temporal lobe lesions, supporting the thesis that such processing is done in the ventral temporal-occipital areas (Allison et al, 1994;Haxby et al, 1996;Kanwisher et al, 1997;Steeves et al, 2006;Pitcher et al, 2007). The neuropsychological tests presently available have nevertheless been unable to detect reliably abnormalities in face recognition (Duchaine and Weidenfeld, 2003;Duchaine and Nakayama, 2004), making it difficult to produce strong inferences about the localizations of occipital lesions from the obtained results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

N170 asymmetry as an index of inferior occipital dysfunction in patients with symptomatic occipital lobe epilepsy

Lopes

Cabral²,

Canas³

et al. 2011

Clinical Neurophysiology

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a b s t r a c tObjective: Localizing epileptic foci in posterior brain epilepsy remains a difficult exercise in surgery for epilepsy evaluation. Neither clinical manifestations, neurological, EEG nor neuropsychological evaluations provide strong information about the area of onset, and fast spread of paroxysms often produces mixed features of occipital, temporal and parietal symptoms. We investigated the usefulness of the N170 event-related potential to map epileptic activity in these patients. Methods: A group of seven patients with symptomatic posterior cortex epilepsy were submitted to a high-resolution EEG (78 electrodes), with recordings of interictal spikes and face-evoked N170. Generators of spikes and N170 were localized by source analysis. Range of normal N170 asymmetry was determined in 30 healthy volunteers. Results: In 3 out of 7 patients the N170 inter-hemispheric asymmetry was outside control values. Those were the patients whose spike sources were nearest (within 3 cm) to the fusiform gyrus, while foci further away did not affect the N170 ratio. Conclusions: N170 event-related potential provides useful information about focal cortical dysfunction produced by epileptic foci located in the close neighborhood of the fusiform gyrus, but are unaffected by foci further away. Significance: The N170 evoked by faces can improve the epileptic foci localization in posterior brain epilepsy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

N170 asymmetry as an index of inferior occipital dysfunction in patients with symptomatic occipital lobe epilepsy

Lopes

Cabral²,

Canas³

et al. 2011

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Allison and co-workers studied neurophysiological correlates of face perception in 98 epileptic patients using subdural recordings over the extrastriate cortex (15,16). Unknown faces, front views of cars, scrambled faces, and scrambled cars were used as visual stimuli.…”

Section: Category-related Processing: Faces Versus Nonface Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial Neurophysiological Correlates Related to the Processing of Faces

Seeck¹,

Michel²,

Blanke³

et al. 2001

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Face perception and recognition is an intriguing ability, already present in neonates. Numerous studies in patients with brain lesions identified the temporo-occipital cortex as the crucial structure for this capacity. Analysis of electrical signals (EEG) inside the brain of patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for diagnostic purposes allows researchers to describe the temporal and spatial organization of responses to various aspects of face processing in human subjects. Several findings have emerged and appear relevant for cerebral organization in general: (1) Selective face responses were obtained from the basal temporo-occipital cortex at around 200 ms (N200); however, other structures such as the lateral temporal lobe and frontal cortex also participate in face recognition and perception tasks. (2) Each structure has a distinct "response profile"; that is, with respect to a given task certain structures respond strongly, others less or not at all. This profile might change with a different task, although the physical parameters of the stimuli remain the same. (3) The right hemispheric predominance of face processing, as suggested by patient data and studies in healthy volunteers, seemed to be restricted to its early stages (i.e., before 100 -150 ms). (4) Recognition of faces might be associated with differential intracranial responses, despite an incorrect overt response, reflecting neurophysiological correlates of implicit memory. (5) The more the stimulus resembled a complete human face, the earlier and larger the N200 response was found, in particular over the basal temporobasal cortex. Analysis of electrical signals from intracranial electrodes might help to improve our understanding of the underlying physiological and anatomical constraints of cognitive processes.

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“…Baron-Cohen (1995) proposed that gaze detection is governed by a cognitive module involving eye detection, gaze detection and determination of whether gaze makes direct contact. Lesion and functional brain studies in humans and primates support the role of the fusiform gyrus in face processing (Allison et al 1994, Clark et al 1996, Kanwisher et al 1997. Gaze detection consistently involves areas of the superior temporal sulcus (Perrett et al 1992, Campbell et al 1999, Hoffman and Haxby 2000, Pelphrey et al 2004 and prefrontal lobe (Wicker et al 1998), that are already implicated in schizophrenia, based on volumetric and functional studies (McCarley et al 1993, Gur and Pearlson 1993, Zipursky et al 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brain activation during eye gaze discrimination in stable schizophrenia

Kohler

Loughead

Ruparel

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Objective-Earlier studies described gaze discrimination impairment in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to compare gaze discrimination abilities and associated brain activation in persons with stable schizophrenia and matched controls.Methods-13 schizophrenia and 12 healthy participants underwent a gaze discrimination task with face stimuli rotated at 0, 4 and 8° deviation. During fMRI with BOLD imaging, subjects were asked to identify whether a face was making eye contact. Subject-level parameter estimates for BOLD signal change were entered into an orientation by group mixed effect repeated measures ANOVA.Results-Gaze discrimination performance did not differ between groups. Patients showed decreased activation in areas of bilateral inferior frontal and occipital areas, and select temporo-limbic regions, including amygdala. Groups differed by activation patterns according to gaze deviation. In controls, faces with 4° deviation produced higher activation in frontal and temporal regions. In patients, 0° deviation produced increased activation in amygdala and areas of temporal neocortex.Conclusions-Despite similar gaze discrimination abilities, schizophrenia patients exhibit decreased brain activation in areas associated with executive, emotional and visual processing. Controls exhibited increased activation associated with the more difficult task in select frontal and temporal regions. Patients exhibited increased activation associated with direct gaze in temporal regions, which may relate to common symptoms.

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Face recognition in human extrastriate cortex

Cited by 520 publications

References 0 publications

N170 asymmetry as an index of inferior occipital dysfunction in patients with symptomatic occipital lobe epilepsy

N170 asymmetry as an index of inferior occipital dysfunction in patients with symptomatic occipital lobe epilepsy

Intracranial Neurophysiological Correlates Related to the Processing of Faces

Brain activation during eye gaze discrimination in stable schizophrenia

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