Faces, Bodies, Social Vision as Agent Vision, and Social Consciousness

Gelder, B. de; Tamietto, Marco

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195333176.003.0004

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…This is consistent with previous work in emotion recognition, which showed that the combination of faces and bodies were judged more accurately than either alone (de Gelder and Tamietto 2011;Meeren et al 2005). The accuracy of judgments from the full and outline bodies in studies 2a and 2b, respectively, might have therefore been enhanced by the combination of information from the body and head.…”

Section: Study 2c Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Perceptions of Dominance following Glimpses of Faces and Bodies

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Dominance is one of the most ecologically important social traits that humans express and perceive. Here, we examined perceivers' capacity to judge dominance under physical and temporal constraints. In study 1, dominant, neutral, and submissive poses of otherwise non-expressive faces and impoverished facial outlines were judged after exposure for 27 ms, 40 ms, 94 ms, or at a selfpaced rate (approximately 2000 ms). Perceivers' judgments of dominance were significantly more accurate than chance guessing for exposures of 40 ms and greater, with no significant increase in accuracy given additional viewing time. In study 2, we replaced faces with bodies and figural outlines of bodies. Perceivers' judgments were again better than chance for exposures of 40 ms and greater, but significant increases in accuracy were observed for durations of 94 ms and at a self-paced rate. Finally, in study 3, we combined studies 1 and 2 to allow comparisons across stimuli. Results showed that judgments of dominance from the faces were significantly more accurate than were those of the bodies, and judgments of full stimuli were more accurate than were those of outlines. These data extend our knowledge of the efficient and accurate perception of social cues from nonverbal behavior.

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Section: Study 2c Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Perceptions of Dominance following Glimpses of Faces and Bodies

et al. 2012

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“…Recently, de Gelder and Tamietto (2010) reviewed the evidence for the existence of very early social vision, in which processing may begin already in subcortical structures. As evidence, they highlight work showing that body language, visual scenes, and vocal cues all influence the processing facial displays of threat (Meeren, Hvan, Heijnsbergen, & de Gelder, 2005), even at the earliest stages of face processing and across conscious and nonconscious processing routes (de Gelder, Morris, & Dolan, 2005).…”

Section: Social Visual Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Vision: Functional Forecasting and the Integration of Compound Social Cues

Adams

Kveraga

2015

Rev.Phil.Psych.

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For decades the study of social perception was largely compartmentalized by type of social cue: race, gender, emotion, eye gaze, body language, facial expression etc. This was partly due to good scientific practice (e.g., controlling for extraneous variability), and partly due to assumptions that each type of social cue was functionally distinct from others. Herein, we present a functional forecast approach to understanding compound social cue processing that emphasizes the importance of shared social affordances across various cues (see too Adams, Franklin, Nelson, & Stevenson, 2010; Adams & Nelson, 2011; Weisbuch & Adams, 2012). We review the traditional theories of emotion and face processing that argued for dissociable and noninteracting pathways (e.g., for specific emotional expressions, gaze, identity cues), as well as more recent evidence for combinatorial processing of social cues. We argue here that early, and presumably reflexive, visual integration of such cues is necessary for adaptive behavioral responding to others. In support of this claim, we review contemporary work that reveals a flexible visual system, one that readily incorporates meaningful contextual influences in even nonsocial visual processing, thereby establishing the functional and neuroanatomical bases necessary for compound social cue integration. Finally, we explicate three likely mechanisms driving such integration. Together, this work implicates a role for cognitive penetrability in visual perceptual abilities that have often been (and in some cases still are) ascribed to direct encapsulated perceptual processes.

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“…Hence, this also provides a valuable testing ground for gaging cross-species continuity of functions and comparison. Secondly, examining stimulus properties and categories that evoke Amg activity without awareness, or that by comparison fail to do so, we may be able to abstract from common taxonomies, such as those distinguishing animate from inanimate objects, faces from bodies and so on, to reveal cross-category commonalities between stimulus types and attributes that could not be anticipated by looking at cortical segregation of stimulus categories (de Gelder and Tamietto, 2011; Van den Stock et al, 2014). Lastly, the Amg clearly rests at the intersection between conscious as well as non-conscious emotional processing (Pessoa and Adolphs, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdala Response to Emotional Stimuli without Awareness: Facts and Interpretations

et al. 2017

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Over the past two decades, evidence has accumulated that the human amygdala exerts some of its functions also when the observer is not aware of the content, or even presence, of the triggering emotional stimulus. Nevertheless, there is as of yet no consensus on the limits and conditions that affect the extent of amygdala’s response without focused attention or awareness. Here we review past and recent studies on this subject, examining neuroimaging literature on healthy participants as well as brain-damaged patients, and we comment on their strengths and limits. We propose a theoretical distinction between processes involved in attentional unawareness, wherein the stimulus is potentially accessible to enter visual awareness but fails to do so because attention is diverted, and in sensory unawareness, wherein the stimulus fails to enter awareness because its normal processing in the visual cortex is suppressed. We argue this distinction, along with data sampling amygdala responses with high temporal resolution, helps to appreciate the multiplicity of functional and anatomical mechanisms centered on the amygdala and supporting its role in non-conscious emotion processing. Separate, but interacting, networks relay visual information to the amygdala exploiting different computational properties of subcortical and cortical routes, thereby supporting amygdala functions at different stages of emotion processing. This view reconciles some apparent contradictions in the literature, as well as seemingly contrasting proposals, such as the dual stage and the dual route model. We conclude that evidence in favor of the amygdala response without awareness is solid, albeit this response originates from different functional mechanisms and is driven by more complex neural networks than commonly assumed. Acknowledging the complexity of such mechanisms can foster new insights on the varieties of amygdala functions without awareness and their impact on human behavior.

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Faces, Bodies, Social Vision as Agent Vision, and Social Consciousness

Cited by 9 publications

References 98 publications

Perceptions of Dominance following Glimpses of Faces and Bodies

Perceptions of Dominance following Glimpses of Faces and Bodies

Social Vision: Functional Forecasting and the Integration of Compound Social Cues

Amygdala Response to Emotional Stimuli without Awareness: Facts and Interpretations

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