Facet joint geometry and intervertebral disk degeneration in the L5-S1 region of the vertebral column in German Shepherd Dogs

Seiler, Gabriela; Häni, H; Busato, André; Lang, Johann

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.86

Cited by 37 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…However, findings may be unspecific or inconclusive (Morgan and Bailey, 1990; Schmid and Lang, 1993; De Risio et al., 2000). A more exact evaluation of the soft tissues of the LS joint, the foraminal areas and the geometry of the facet joints requires more advanced tomographic techniques such as CT or MRI (Sisson et al., 1992; Ramirez and Thrall, 1998; De Risio et al., 2000; Seiler et al., 2002). Nevertheless, survey radiography as a widely available modality has still a potential as screening technique for bony malformation or evidence of degenerative disease (De Risio et al., 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lumbosacral Junction in Working German Shepherd Dogs – Neurological and Radiological Evaluation

Scharf¹,

Steffen

Grunenfelder

et al. 2004

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The clinical and radiological incidence of lumbosacral (LS) disease was studied on 57 German Shepherd dogs (GSDs) used in active service. The study included a clinical history, a neurological examination, and plain radiographs of the caudal lumbar vertebrae. The neurological examinations revealed lower back pain and/or neural deficits in 21 dogs, of which 14 had a history of pain or pelvic gait abnormalities. Radiographic findings were spondylosis at L7-S1, degeneration of L7-S1 disc, LS malalignment, transitional LS vertebrae and/or primary spinal canal stenosis in 15 dogs with neurological abnormalities and/or back pain and in 18 dogs with no clinical signs. No correlation between the neurological and the radiographic findings were found. This study demonstrates that even prominent radiographic LS abnormalities are of minimal value in the evaluation of LS disease in the GSD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lumbosacral Junction in Working German Shepherd Dogs – Neurological and Radiological Evaluation

Scharf¹,

Steffen

Grunenfelder

et al. 2004

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…Os valores são próximos aos de cães da mesma raça vistos em outros estudos. Silva et al (2009) Seiler et al (2002). Outra provável fonte de variação racial observada neste estudo, que pode estar relacionada à diferença no LS, é a conformação de S1, que mostrou diferentes alturas do corpo vertebral entre as três raças estudadas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Mais uma vez, a explicação de tal diferença está relacionada à maior inclinação nos cães dessa raça em relação a outras como observado por Seiler et al (2002). Além da variação racial, o uso dessa medida pode ser de pouca utilidade na avaliação da articulação lombossacra, pois não foi observada ainda diferença entre animais clinicamente normais e com síndrome da cauda equina (Silva et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Estudo radiográfico da articulação lombossacra em cães das raças Pastor Alemão, Rottweiler e Doberman

Silva

Rocha

Tôrres

et al. 2015

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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RESUMOEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação entre diferentes raças das medidas radiográficas da articulação lombossacra. Foram utilizados 20 cães da raça Pastor Alemão, 20 cães da raça Rottweiler e 20 da raça Doberman. A articulação lombossacra foi avaliada radiograficamente com os membros pélvicos em posição neutra (N), em ventroflexão (VF) e dorsoextensão (DE). Foram mensurados os ângulos entre os processos articulares de L7 e S1 (PA), entre as epífises distal de L7 e proximal de S1 (EPIF), o ângulo lombossacro (LS), a amplitude de movimento (ROM) desses ângulos, o ponto de interseção das retas que formam esses ângulos e a respectiva ROM. Os resultados mostraram que a altura do canal vertebral em L7 é menor no Pastor Alemão (9,5mm) e maior no Rottweiler (10, (Scharf et al., 2004). A estenose degenerativa do canal vertebral lombossacro é a causa mais comum de síndrome da cauda equina e ocorre mais comumente em cães pertencentes às raças de médio e grande porte, como o Pastor http://dx The lumbosacral joint was assessed radiographically with the hind limbs in neutral position (N), in ventral flexion (VF) and dorsal extension (DE). We measured the angles between the L7 and S1 articular processes (PA), between the distal L7 and S1 proximal epiphysis (EPIF), the lumbosacral angle (LS), range of motion (ROM) of these angles, the intersection point of the lines that form these angles and their ROM. The results show that the height of the spinal canal in L7 is lower in German Shepherds (9.5mm) than in Dobermans (10mm) and Rottweilers (10.5 mm). The EPIF-DE was higher in the German Shepherd (38.03°). The PA-N was lower in German Shepherd (15.98 °). The LS-VF was lower in the Doberman (170.01°), and LS did not differ statistically between German Shepherd (179.17°) and Rottweiler (176.61°). The ROM of the LS and EPIF angles were greater in the German

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“…IVDD‐like pathologies in NCD dogs are associated more with age‐related changes, as notochordal cells are typically retained within the NP throughout adulthood. However, certain large breed dogs such as the German shepherd and Labrador retriever may develop what has been termed Hansen type II IVDD later in life . This tends to occur in regions of the vertebral column susceptible to “wear and tear” such as the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral regions .…”

Section: The Canine Clinical Model Of Ivddmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased collagen content of the NP causes AF fibers to split, allowing plasma and fluid from the NP to accumulate between the AF fibers. Over time, the AF thickens due to a buildup of pressure in the area and bulges dorsally into the vertebral canal, causing spinal cord or nerve root compression . Figure depicts the discussed differences in the two types of Hansen herniation in canine IVDs.…”

Section: The Canine Clinical Model Of Ivddmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chondrodystrophic dog: A clinically relevant intermediate‐sized animal model for the study of intervertebral disc‐associated spinal pain

et al. 2018

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Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with an estimated 80% of the American population suffering from a painful back condition at some point during their lives. The most common cause of LBP is intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD), a condition that can be difficult to treat, either surgically or medically, with current available therapies. Thus, understanding the pathological mechanisms of IVDD and developing novel treatments are critical for improving outcome and quality of life in people living with LBP. While experimental animal models provide valuable mechanistic insight, each model has limitations that complicate translation to the clinical setting. This review focuses on the chondrodystrophic canine clinical model of IVDD as a promising model to assess IVD‐associated spinal pain and translational therapeutic strategies for LBP. The canine IVD, while smaller in size than human, goat, ovine, and bovine IVDs, is larger than most other small animal IVDD models and undergoes maturational changes similar to those of the human IVD. Furthermore, both dogs and humans develop painful IVDD as a spontaneous process, resulting in similar characteristic pathologies and clinical signs. Future exploration of the canine model as a model of IVD‐associated spinal pain and biological treatments using the canine clinical model will further demonstrate its translational capabilities with the added ethical benefit of treating an existing veterinary patient population with IVDD.

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Facet joint geometry and intervertebral disk degeneration in the L5-S1 region of the vertebral column in German Shepherd Dogs

Abstract: A large difference between facet joint angles at L6-L7 and L7-S1 in German Shepherd Dogs may be associated with the frequent occurrence of lumbosacral disk degeneration in this breed.

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

The Lumbosacral Junction in Working German Shepherd Dogs – Neurological and Radiological Evaluation

The Lumbosacral Junction in Working German Shepherd Dogs – Neurological and Radiological Evaluation

Estudo radiográfico da articulação lombossacra em cães das raças Pastor Alemão, Rottweiler e Doberman

The chondrodystrophic dog: A clinically relevant intermediate‐sized animal model for the study of intervertebral disc‐associated spinal pain

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