Facial Anthropometric Norms among Kosovo - Albanian Adults

Abstract

BackgroundThe development of an anthropometric craniofacial database is a necessary multidisciplinary proposal.AimThe aim of this study was to establish facial anthropometric norms and to investigate into sexual dimorphism in facial variables among Kosovo Albanian adults.Materials and MethodsThe sample included 204 students of Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina. Using direct anthropometry, a series of 8 standard facial measurements was taken on each subject with digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm (Boss, Hamburg-Germany). The normative data and percentile rankings were calculated. Gender differences in facial variables were analyzed using t- test for independent samples (p<0.05). The index of sexual dimorphism (ISD) and percentage of sexual dimorphism were calculated for each facial measurement.Results: Normative data for all facial anthropometric measurements in males were higher than in females. Male average norms compared with the female average norms differed significantly from each other (p>0.05).The highest index of sexual dimorphism (ISD) was found for the lower facial height 1.120, for which the highest percentage of sexual dimorphism, 12.01%., was also found. The lowest ISD was found for intercanthal width, 1.022, accompanied with the lowest percentage of sexual dimorphism, 2.23%.ConclusionThe obtained results have established the facial anthropometric norms among Kosovo Albanian adults. Sexual dimorphism has been confirmed for each facial measurement.

An evaluation of the relationship between periocular anthropometric measurements and mandibular incisor crowding

“…Anthropometric studies based on facial measurements in different ethnic and age groups report various results (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, unlike soft tissue references, POAMs are either not or minimally affected by gender and changes in age (21,22).…”

Photographic Nasal Soft Tissue Analysis From Preadolescence to Young Adulthood: Anthropometric Measurements

“…The mean total nasal length of Turkish young adult males (53.68 mm) was greater than Kenyan (51.00 mm), Italian (52.32 mm), Egyptian (52.02 mm), Korean (53.1 mm), and Chilean (50.09 mm) adult males and shorter than Caucasian (55.64 mm), Greek (55.30 mm), Spanish (56.94 mm), Kosovan (55.26 mm), Iranian (58.4 mm), and Chinese (60.33 mm) adult males. 4,9,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The mean total nasal length of Turkish adult females (51.90 mm) was greater than Kenyan (47.6 mm), Caucasian (51.63 mm), Italian (49.84), Korean (49.2 mm), and Chilean (46.86 mm) adult females and shorter than Greek (50.90 mm), Spanish (56.17 mm), Kosovan (52.01 mm), Egyptian (52.37 mm), Iranian (56.8 mm), and Chinese (58.23 mm) adult females. 4,9,20,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Anthropometric analysis of the nose provides objective and reliable data for surgeons to obtain satisfying results from cosmetic and reconstructive nasal surgeries.…”

Features of translation of some rarely used anthropometric terms from Ukrainian into English

“…Gloria Staka and co-authors [26] та Saurab S. Virdi and co-authors [30] have used in their article the term "nasal width" (the straight distance between right and left alare) instead of "maximum nose breadth".…”

“…Nowadays, anthropometric researches have confidently taken its place in medicine. So they are useful not only for health assessment, but also are used in many fields: forensic medicine (to estimate the age of the subject) [13], forensic dentistry (it is an interdiscipline of forensic medicine and stomatology) for the identification of individual and age estimation [24], dentistry (anthropometric diagnostic methods of dentognathic anomaly, and there is potential correlation among number of teeth, chewing ability and anthropometric profile) [7,9,29], pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology [17,21,27], as well as for the diagnosis of overweight (important indicators of nutritional status in the children and adults) [11,16,20], for sports control [22] and for the standardization purpose [3,15,23,26,30]. The symptoms of many diseases are expressed in anthropometric changes [12].…”