Facial Anthropometric Norms of the Young Black South African Woman

Abstract

Background: Ethnic pride and the push toward preservation of ethnicity in all areas of aesthetic and reconstructive medicine has created the need for normative facial anthropometric data specific to localized geographical populations. This study aimed to gather a set of soft tissue anthropometric norms for the young Black South African woman and to compare this with international data and neoclassical anthropometric maxims. Methods: In total, 156 Black female students from Sefako Makgatho University between 18 and 25 years of age, with a normal dental occlusion and a normal body mass index were included in the study. Computer-based photographic analysis of participants' faces in anterior, lateral, and basal views was undertaken under strict studio conditions and compared with international studies. Results: Facial height proportions tended toward a smaller upper facial third in comparison with mid and lower facial thirds. Nasal width was greater than other populations, and exceeded the neoclassical canon of one-fifth of facial width. Nasal tip projection was greater than Congolese and African American counterparts. Vermilion height ratios approximated a ratio of 1:1 with lip protrusion beyond the classical Rickets E-line. Conclusions:The "classical" anthropometric measurements most often quoted in academic literature, although important in their own right, do not consider the distinct differences in facial anthropometric norms between population and racial groups. These differences must be taken into consideration to preserve ethnic traits and optimize aesthetic outcomes.

Comparative Evaluation of Horizontal Lip Position With Ricketts Esthetic Plane in Preschool and School-Going Children of Bankura, West Bengal: A Craniofacial Anthropometric Study

“…Also, Polk et al reported that preferred profiles were anterior to the E plane in their study. Wilson et al found that in young black South African women, lips showed increased protrusion beyond the Ricketts E-line [8,[12][13][14]. It has been mentioned in literature that protrusive lips are seen in Chinese and Turks when compared to Yemenis and Americans.…”