Facial Mutilation After an Assault with Chemicals: 15 Cases and Literature Review

Yeong, Eng Kean; Chen, Ming Ting; Mann, Roberta; Lin, Tsuo-Wu; Engrav, Loren H.

doi:10.1097/00004630-199705000-00010

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Mortality rates were high for both selfharm and assault burns; however, self-harm patients had a significantly higher case fatality rate (62 vs. 39%). The median %TBSA [IQR] of those that died with self-harm burns was twice that of self-harm survivors (70% [60-85] vs. 35% [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], p < 0.001); no significant gender difference was found (p = 0.401). Of psychosocial factors examined, those with self-inflicted burns were four times more likely to have a psychological condition and 1.6 times more likely not to have family support during their hospitalization than those patients with assault burns.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-existing drug and or alcohol abuse, low socio-economic status, and a spectrum of burn severity [4,24,25] have been associated with assault burns. While past studies show that flame is the main mechanism of assault burns and petrol and flammable fluids the most frequently used accelerants [24,26], assault by hot liquids [27] and chemicals have been reported [4,24,25,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intentional burns in Nepal: A comparative study

Lama¹,

Duke²,

Sharma³

et al. 2015

Burns

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intentional burns in Nepal: A comparative study

Lama¹,

Duke²,

Sharma³

et al. 2015

Burns

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“…Perpetrators of acid attacks favour a cheap agent with easy accessibility [4,5]. In Cambodia and other Southeast Asian countries, sulphuric acid is readily available for use in car batteries and in the textile industry [3], nitric acid is used by jewelers, and hydrochloric acid is used in the rubber trade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First aid would ideally include immediate irrigation of the eyes with flowing water, continuing then for at least 60 minutes in order to minimize ocular damage [2,4]. However, this occurred infrequently in our population, with time from injury to irrigation ranging from jumping into a river soon after the attack to not starting irrigation until several hours later [5].…”

Section: Direct Damage From Acid Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blindness as a result of acid attacks in Cambodia

Lu¹,

Gollogly²,

Soeung³

et al. 2010

Asian Biomedicine

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Background: Fifty-three patients who had been attacked with acid were treated over the last three years, and 45% suffered blindness in one or both eyes as a result. Objective: Review the charts of all 53 patients to see if the proximate cause of the blindness could be determined to prevent it happening to others. Results: Three principal causes of blindness were direct damage from acid, limbal stem cell loss leading to later eyeball perforation, and delayed corneal abrasion from eyelid deformity. Only the latter cause could be prevented at this time, since the strength of the acid used in the attack could not be controlled, nor could limbal stem cell transplants be performed. Conclusion: Assessment of the ophthalmic injuries revealed three main categories of visual impairment, only one of which could be treated effectively at this stage.

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“…Acids such as sulfuric acid have several common patterns of injury including cutaneous burns, ocular burns, and inhalation and ingestion injuries to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts [7][8][9][10]. Dependent upon the interval between contact of the corrosive with tissue and response to injury, these strong acids cause coagulation necrosis of tissue with ulceration, decreased collagen, increased fibrosis, and thrombosis of the microvasculature [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death of a toddler due to ingestion of sulfuric acid at a clandestine home methamphetamine laboratory

Burge

Hunsaker

Davis

2009

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Exposure to strong acids such as sulfuric acid to either the skin or the gastrointestinal or respiratory mucosa will result respectively in significant-occasionally fatal-cutaneous chemical burns as well as devastating corrosive damage to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Most injuries are accidental, but there are reports of using acids as weapons or as a means of suicide. The primary mechanism of acid injury is coagulative necrosis of the tissues. Sulfuric acid is a chemical often used in industrial and chemical laboratories, and it is an ingredient in household products like drain cleaner. Easily accessible, over-the-counter, household drain cleaner is one of several common materials used to manufacture methamphetamine. With increasing clandestine methamphetamine laboratories in the United States, exposure to methamphetamine and the toxic chemicals used for its production is a growing problem. In many instances, children living in these laboratories qua homes are at risk for injury and death. We report the death of an unattended toddler, who ingested sulfuric acid drain cleaner in his home. The gross and histopathological autopsy findings in this case are similar to those of previously described cases of sulfuric acid injury.

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Facial Mutilation After an Assault with Chemicals: 15 Cases and Literature Review

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Intentional burns in Nepal: A comparative study

Intentional burns in Nepal: A comparative study

Blindness as a result of acid attacks in Cambodia

Death of a toddler due to ingestion of sulfuric acid at a clandestine home methamphetamine laboratory

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