Facial Nerve

Shoja, Mohammadali Mohajel; Tubbs, R. Shane

doi:10.1002/9781118430309.ch84

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…A photographic series of clinical cases illustrating different Davis types of the facial nerve is provided by Gataa and Faris (). An excellent overview of the variability of facial nerve branching patterns, its relation to surrounding structures, and existing classifications featuring studies with a relevant number of specimens is given by Shoja and Tubbs ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical study of the zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve: Application to facial reanimation procedures

et al. 2019

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The facial nerve is responsible for any facial expression channeling human emotions. Facial paralysis causes asymmetry, lagophthalmus, oral incontinence, and social limitations. Facial dynamics may be re-established with cross-face-nervegrafts (CFNG). Our aim was to reappraise the zygomaticobuccal branch system relevant for facial reanimation surgery with respect to anastomoses and crossings. Dissection was performed on 106 facial halves of 53 fresh frozen cadavers. Study endpoints were quantity and relative thickness of branches, correlation to "Zuker's point", interconnection patterns and crossings. Level I and level II branches were classified as relevant for CFNG. Anastomoses and fusion patterns were assessed in both levels. The zygomatic branch showed 2.98 AE 0.86 (range 2-5) twigs at level II and the buccal branch 3.45 AE 0.96 (range 2-5), respectively. In the zygomatic system a single dominant branch was present in 50%, two co-dominant branches in 9% and three in 1%. In 66% of cases a single dominant buccal twig, two co-dominant in 12.6%, and three in 1% of cases were detected. The most inferior zygomatic branch was the most dominant branch (P = 0.003). Using Zuker's point, a facial nerve branch was found within 5 mm in all facial halves. Fusions were detected in 80% of specimens. Two different types of fusion patterns could be identified. Undercrossing of branches was found in 24% at levels I and II. Our study describes facial nerve branch systems relevant for facial reanimation surgery in a three-dimensional relationship of branches to each other. Clin. Anat. 32:480-488, 2019.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical study of the zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve: Application to facial reanimation procedures

et al. 2019

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“…Even though rare descriptions of neural connections between the branches of facial nerve and transverse cervical sensory nerve are present, a connection with ansa cervicalis is unknown to the best of our knowledge. [ 3 5 7 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1 2 ] Facial nerve arises from the pontomedullary sulcus and after coursing through the internal auditory meatus to reach the medial wall of tympanic cavity, it exits the cranium via stylomastoid foramen. [ 3 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial nerve communication with ansa cervicalis – An unusual anatomical variation

Gulati,

Tripathy,

Gupta

et al. 2023

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

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Neural connections of the seventh cranial nerve with its neighboring nerves are common and well documented; however, communication with ansa cervicalis is as yet unknown. We present a case with such a connection found during cadaveric dissection, with hitherto unknown consequences. In this specimen, after giving the marginal mandibular and cervical branches, the cervicofacial division continued distally to communicate with the distal loop of ansa cervicalis. Presence of such connection may result in facial muscle paralysis on injury to the ansa or strap muscle paralysis on injury to the facial nerve, depending on the direction of nerve fibers. Such unusual connections bring to light the need for extreme care during surgeries in the neck to safeguard any such connections and when using the ansa as donor.

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“…Facial palsy is still an important consequence from a parotid surgery (Bittar et al, ). The facial nerve gives, in its extracranial course, two main divisions in the parotid area, the temporofacial and the cervicofacial branches, which finally give off five terminal branches (Shoja and Tubbs, ). These branches give the motor supply to the facial or mimetic muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%