Facial trauma in women resulting from violence by men

Zachariades, Nicholas; Koumoura, F; Konsolaki-Agouridaki, Elina

doi:10.1016/0278-2391(90)90476-i

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In actual fact 25.3% of maxillofacial injuries in females occurred in the over-60 age group, whereas the incidence in the elderly was under 10% in other studies of facial fractures, with 38e81% of maxillofacial injuries in males occurring in this age group of (Rehman and Edmondson, 2002;Fasola et al, 2003b;Kloss et al, 2007;Royan et al, 2008). The finding that the elderly represent such a high proportion of those with facial injuries partially explains why falls outnumber MVAs as the primary cause of facial injury, in contrast to the trend described by Zachariades et al (1990), Huang et al (1998), and Arosarena et al (2009). It is not surprising that falls, occurring mostly subsequent to domestic accidents, are the leading cause of facial injury in the elderly (Hussain et al, 1994;Gerbino et al, 1999;Iida et al, 2001;Kloss et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…The incidence of assault was 9%, which is similar to that reported by Zachariades et al (1990) but much lower than the 35.5% incidence described by Huang et al (1998). Among our cases, assault injuries were concentrated in the 17e 60 age group, and 37.5% of victims were foreigners.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Thus, most reported epidemiological data and characteristics of maxillofacial injuries are associated with males. This trend has led to a lack of specific information on female maxillofacial trauma, which is generally studied with specific reference to violence-related injuries (Zachariades et al, 1990;Huang et al, 1998;Greene et al, 1999;Le et al, 2001;Gerber et al, 2009;Arosarena et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few articles have been published concerning maxillofacial trauma in women, and often this issue is addressed with particular reference to domestic violence (Shepherd et al, 1988;Fisher et al, 1990;Zachariades et al, 1990;Greene et al, 1999;Le et al, 2001;Arosarena et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in females: A retrospective analysis of 367 patients

Roccia

Bianchi

Zavattero

et al. 2010

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in females: A retrospective analysis of 367 patients

Roccia

Bianchi

Zavattero

et al. 2010

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…Most of the male patients in the study were young adults who are often injured away from home, whereas female victims are more likely to be assaulted in their homes by someone whom they know. 4,5,6 The greatest incidence of maxillofacial trauma (51.52%) was observed in the evening hours between 6 pm and 12 am. This may be attributed to the substantial increase in traffic after the office hours, when people are returning home, and to a tendency to consume alcohol in the evenings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on faciomaxillary injuries in a tertiary care hospital

Ravikumar¹,

Manoharan²,

Sugapradha³

2017

Int Surg J

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Background: Faciomaxillary injuries are increasing in frequency and severity due to road traffic accidents and violence among the people of the delta districts of Tamilnadu. Alcohol plays a major role both in road traffic accidents and assaults resulting in faciomaxillary injuries. Human bites play a significant role in the soft tissue injuries of the face resulting in loss of lobule of ear, nasal tip loss and partial loss of lower lip. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aetiology, incidence, patterns and treatment modalities of faciomaxillary injuries which include both soft tissue and bony injuries. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Thanjavur Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India between 2012-2015. About 850 patients in and around the delta districts of Tamilnadu admitted with various soft tissue and bony injuries of the faciomaxillary region were studied. Age, sex, time, mechanism and aetiology of injury, history of bleeding, unconsciousness and prior first aid, type of vehicle and use of preventive measures, type of fracture, associated injuries and treatment modalities were evaluated. Results: Faciomaxillary injuries were mostly due to road traffic accidents. Highest number of fractures was predominantly occurring in the age group of 21-30 years. Males incurred more fractures with a male to female ratio of 7.4:1.1. Fracture mandible was the most common followed by zygoma, nasal and naso ethmoid fractures. Pan facial fractures were more common among alcoholics. 28 patients had associated head injury and 14 patients had cervical spine injuries. Open reduction and internal fixation was the preferred modality for mandible whereas the mid face fractures were treated more often by closed methods. Soft tissue injuries involving ear, nose, lip and eyelids were more common. Conclusions: Drunken driving should be curbed in the society. Educating the people about road safety rules will bring down the faciomaxillary injuries. Motivating the public against violence will reduce human bites and soft tissue injuries of the face.

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Epidemiology of Facial Injury in Female Blunt Assault Trauma Cases

Greene

Maas

Carvalho

et al. 1999

Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery

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Background: Etiology of trauma in the female population differs from that of the male population. To date, domestic violence has been researched extensively, but little has been published about the epidemiology of facial injury in the female population. Objectives:To analyze the differences in the circumstances under which males and females are injured, to identify gender-specific patterns of injury, and to assess whether differences in the demographics, health status, and druguse profile exist between female and male assault cases and whether these factors lead to a difference in outcome.Methods: A cohort of 91 female assault cases was compared with a control group of 706 males with similar injuries resulting from blunt assault trauma. Information was gathered by retrospective review of 797 consecutive cases requiring admission for facial injuries resulting from blunt assault trauma. Fisher exact, 2 , and t tests were used to assess statistically significant differences between the male and female cohorts. Results:The female cohort comprised 12% of all cases admitted for blunt assault facial trauma. One third of fe-male blunt assault facial trauma patients were subjects of domestic violence. Statistically significant differences were found between males and females for the type of assault (rape, domestic violence, altercation, etc) with PϽ.0001. Females were more likely to be admitted with soft tissue injury only but no fracture (PϽ.05), less likely to be assaulted with a weapon, and unlikely to be involved in an altercation, gang violence, arrest, or robbery. Females were also less likely than males to be injured while intoxicated (PϽ.05). Incidence of specific injury patterns and outcomes, however, were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion:The present data support the hypothesis that the female blunt assault facial trauma population represents a distinct epidemiological entity, with significant differences in the circumstances of injury, mechanism of assault, and role of intoxication in the incidence of injury. The prevalence of facial trauma in female assault cases makes it critical for the facial plastic surgeon to be vigilant in the evaluation and treatment of these patients.

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Facial trauma in women resulting from violence by men

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in females: A retrospective analysis of 367 patients

Characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in females: A retrospective analysis of 367 patients

A study on faciomaxillary injuries in a tertiary care hospital

Epidemiology of Facial Injury in Female Blunt Assault Trauma Cases

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