Facies analysis of volcano-sedimentary successions hosting massive sulfide deposits in the Iberian pyrite belt, Spain

Soriano, Carles; Martı́, Joan

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.94.6.867

Cited by 57 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…General syntheses on the IPB include those of Strauss et al (1977), Routhier et al (1980), IGME (1982), Barriga (1990), Sáez et al (1996), Leistel et al (1998), Carvalho et al (1999, Junta de Andalucía (1999), Tornos et al (2000), Tornos (2006). Other general studies deal with stratigraphy (Oliveira 1990;Pereira et al 2007), volcanism (Munhá 1983;Mitjavila et al 1997;Thiéblemont et al 1998), structure and regional metamorphism (e.g., Munhá 1990;Silva et al 1990;Quesada 1998) or the facies architecture of the volcano-sedimentary complex (Soriano and Martí 1999;Junta de Andalucía 1999;Rosa 2007).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter sedimentary units encompass dominant felsic volcanic rocks (rhyolites, rhyodacites and dacites), mafic volcanic rocks (basalts and dolerites), either in the foot-or hanging wall of the volcanogenic massive sulphide (VHMS) deposits, and minor andesites. The felsic rocks occur dominantly as lava/dome complexes, associated with minor pyroclastic flows and intrusions (Martí Molist et al 1994;Soriano and Martí 1999;Junta de Andalucía 1999;Rosa et al 2010a). The massive sulphide ore deposits and related hydrothermal systems, when present, usually occur at the top of felsic volcanic rocks in close association with black shales and may have a relatively thin layer of jasper/carbonates commonly at the top (Leca et al 1983;Barriga and Kerrich 1984;Carvalho et al 1999).…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volcanic rocks are only approximately 25 % of the stratigraphic record of the VSC, the remaining 75 % are mainly mudstone. Studies of the volcanic facies architecture of the VSC in several areas of the IPB interpreted the felsic volcanic centres as constructed by a combination of effusive and explosive volcanic units and high-level intrusions (e.g., Martí Molist et al 1994;Soriano and Martí 1999;Boulter 1993Boulter , 1996Donaire et al 2002;Rosa et al 2008;Valenzuela et al 2011). Recently, a regional study of the volcanic and sedimentary facies architecture in SW Iberia pointed out that the felsic volcanic centres correspond to "lavacryptodome-pumice cone volcanoes" (Junta de Andalucía 1999; Rosa et al 2010a).…”

Section: Physical Volcanologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Inverno

Montes

Rosa

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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The 250 × 20-70 km Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) is a Variscan metallogenic province in SW Portugal and Spain hosting the largest concentration of massive sulphide deposits worldwide. The lowermost stratigraphic unit is the early Givetian to late Famennian-Strunian (base unknown) PhylliteQuartzite Group (PQG), with shales, quartz-sandstones, quartzwacke siltstones, minor conglomerate and limestones at the top. The PQG is overlain by the Volcanic Sedimentary Complex (VSC), of late Famennian to mid-late Visean age, with a lower part of mafic volcanic rocks, rhyolites, dacites and dark shales, hosting VHMS deposits on top (many times capped by a jasper/chert layer), and an upper part, with dark, purple and other shales and volcanogenic/volcaniclastic rocks, carrying Mn oxide deposits. The VSC is covered by the thousands of meters thick Baixo Alentejo Flysch Group of late Visean to Moscovian age. The VSC

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Volcanologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Inverno

Montes

Rosa

et al. 2015

Mineral Resource Reviews

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“…First is that the Malusok VMS deposits are aligned along a NW-SE trend, and second is that the deposits are confined within a single favorable horizon. The significance of recognizing parameters such as these lie in their application similar to what has been done for other deposits (Soriano and Marti, 1999;Gustin and Eastoe, 2000). For the Malusok VMS deposits, these parameters serve as useful exploration tools in terms of searching for their lateral extensions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stratigraphic Correlation of the Malusok Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits, Southern Mindanao, Philippines

Querubin¹,

Yumul

2001

Resource Geology

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: Two adjacent volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, the Main Malusok and the Malusok Southeast, are delineated within Barangay Tabayo, Siocon, Zamboanga del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines. These deposits comprise massive to semi‐massive sulfide lenses representing the down‐dip equivalent of oxidized gossans. The massive sulfides have a primary mineral assemblage of pyrite‐chalcopyrite‐sphalerite with significant amounts of supergene copper in the form of chal‐cocite. Owing to structural and metamorphic overprinting combined with intense alteration, primary textures are generally obliterated. Rock types are classified according to dominant mineral assemblages whereas the main lithologic units comprising the Malusok volcanic package are divided based on the position of each unit relative to the mineralized zone. The main lithologic units are designated as the hanging wall, the host, and the footwall sequences. In correlating the stratigraphy of the Main Malusok zone with that of the Malusok Southeast zone, a chlorite/epidote‐rich interval located at the base of the hanging wall sequence serves as a distinct stratigraphic marker from which all lithologies are referred to. Comparisons between the stratigraphy of the two areas show that massive to semi‐massive sulfide lenses are confined within a single stratigraphic interval representing the favorable horizon for the entire Malusok area. However, differences exist relative to style of mineralization and configuration of the altered interval between the Main Malusok and the Malusok Southeast VMS deposits. Based on characteristics exhibited by each individual deposit, it is inferred that the Main Malusok VMS deposit overlies a feeder zone whereas the Malusok Southeast sulfide lenses represent satellite deposits and transported blocks.

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“…The rocks hosting the VMS deposits are Devonian to Carboniferous in age; the succession is dominated by sedimentary rocks, especially mudstones, but mafic to felsic volcanic rocks are also present (Tornos 2006). Soriano and Marti (1999) concluded that volcanism in the eastern part of the Iberian pyrite belt was mostly nonexplosive. Rosa et al (2010) reviewed felsic volcanic centres in the belt and concluded that "these volcanoes are dominated by felsic lavas/domes that occur at several stratigraphic positions… however the pyroclastic units are also abundant".…”

Section: Iberian Pyrite Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Igneous Rock Associations 14. The Volcanic Setting of VMS and SMS Deposits: A Review

Ross

Mercier-Langevin

2014

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SUMMARYVolcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits and seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits have a spatial and genetic connection with contemporaneous volcanism. The control exerted by the volcanic succession (e.g. rock type, architecture and facies) on the nature and style of the ore and alteration (e.g. subsea-floor replacement vs. exhalative, or discordant vs. conformable) is significant, making it imperative to understand the local volcanology in developing better genetic and exploration models. Three VMS deposit groupings collectively represent a high proportion of cases: (1) deposits associated with complexes of submarine felsic domes, cryptodomes, lobe-hyaloclastite flows and/or blocky lavas, and their reworked equivalents; (2) deposits associated with thick piles of pumiceous felsic pyroclastic rocks, suggesting a caldera context; and (3) deposits associated with mafic volcanic footwalls and/or with sedimentary hosts, including significant deposits such as Windy Craggy (~300 Mt) in British Columbia. With regard to number (2) above, demonstrating the presence of a caldera in ancient successions can be difficult because silicic calderas tend to be large and exceed the limits of deposit-scale investigations. Furthermore, there is no consensus regarding what a large submarine caldera should look like, i.e., no accepted facies model exists showing the distribution of rock types. But without thick piles of pumiceous felsic pyroclastic deposits, arguing for a large submarine caldera is a challenge.

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Facies analysis of volcano-sedimentary successions hosting massive sulfide deposits in the Iberian pyrite belt, Spain

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Introduction and Geological Setting of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Stratigraphic Correlation of the Malusok Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits, Southern Mindanao, Philippines

Igneous Rock Associations 14. The Volcanic Setting of VMS and SMS Deposits: A Review

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