Facies architecture and palaeoenvironmental constraints of subaqueous felsic volcanism in the Iberian Pyrite Belt: The Paymogo Volcano-Sedimentary Alignment

Donaire, Teodosio; Pascual, Emilio Soler; Sáez, Reinaldo; Toscano, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107045

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…It should be noted, however, that the most common volcanic facies associations of deepwater, dome-related rocks in the IPB include a wide variety of volcaniclastic facies, all of them linked to a magma-seawater interaction. Among others, peperites, hyaloclastites or volcaniclastic deposits related to dome collapse are very common all along the IPB [21,22,40]. To date, none of these facies have been found in the studied area [40,41].…”

Section: Petrographic and Volcanological Description: Interpretation Of The Vsc Volcanic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the available criteria that were previously suggested in order to discriminate between "fertile" and barren rocks in VMS worldwide, the EAVC data confirm again that previous proposals based on REE geochemistry [10] are not useful in the IPB because most of the IPB rocks, also in the studied area, plot altogether within a single field in the discrimination diagram. In order to evaluate other alternative proposals [12,13,22], we compared the geochemical features of the rocks under study with that in other sectors in the Spanish IPB. A rough chemical similarity exists between the EAVC felsic rocks and the older felsic rocks from the PVSA area in the Northern IPB, including negative εNd signatures [22].…”

Section: Geochemical Features and Nd Signatures Of The Eavc Felsic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to evaluate other alternative proposals [12,13,22], we compared the geochemical features of the rocks under study with that in other sectors in the Spanish IPB. A rough chemical similarity exists between the EAVC felsic rocks and the older felsic rocks from the PVSA area in the Northern IPB, including negative εNd signatures [22]. This comparison, however, is not strictly pertinent.…”

Section: Geochemical Features and Nd Signatures Of The Eavc Felsic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be remembered, however, that deepwater felsic domes (or cryptodomes) in the IPB are systematically associated to a wide variety of volcaniclastic facies related to a magma-seawater (or magma-unconsolidated sediment) interaction. Depending on areas, these facies comprise peperites, hyaloclastites or volcaniclastic deposits related to dome collapse [21,22,41,[56][57][58]. Some of them are diagnostic of relatively deepwater emplacement, including a low aspect ratio, rhyolitic lavas, low-explosivity, deepwater pyroclastic rhyolites [21] or volcaniclastic deposits produced by the collapse of deepwater domes [22].…”

Section: The Eavc Volcanic Architecture and U-pb Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geological studies in the IPB have followed this general trend until very recent times. However, recent research has shown that the detailed study of the volcanic successions in this province allows to determine that volcanic successions in areas where VMS deposits occur not only emplaced below the wave base level, but in a deepwater environment, consistent with the water depth required to VMS formation [21,22]. Accordingly, the study of volcanic successions is also important as a paleoenvironmental marker in the province, and, hence, as a tool in selecting areas for mineral exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical and Volcanological Criteria in Assessing the Links between Volcanism and VMS Deposits: A Case on the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain

et al. 2021

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VMS deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), Spain and Portugal, constitute the largest accumulation of these deposits on Earth. Although several factors account for their genetic interpretation, a link between volcanism and mineralization is generally accepted. In many VMS districts, research is focused on the geochemical discrimination between barren and fertile volcanic rocks, these latter being a proxy of VMS mineralization. Additionally, the volcanological study of igneous successions sheds light on the environment at which volcanic rocks were emplaced, showing an emplacement depth consistent with that required for VMS formation. We describe a case on the El Almendro–Villanueva de los Castillejos (EAVC) succession, Spanish IPB, where abundant felsic volcanic rocks occur. According to the available evidence, their geochemical features, εNd signature and U–Pb dates suggest a possible link to VMS deposits. However, (paleo)volcanological evidence here indicates pyroclastic emplacement in a shallow water environment. We infer that such a shallow environment precluded VMS generation, a conclusion that is consistent with the absence of massive deposits all along this area. We also show that this interpretation lends additional support to previous models of the whole IPB, suggesting that compartmentalization of the belt had a major role in determining the sites of VMS deposition.

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Section: Petrographic and Volcanological Description: Interpretation Of The Vsc Volcanic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geochemical Features and Nd Signatures Of The Eavc Felsic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geochemical Features and Nd Signatures Of The Eavc Felsic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Eavc Volcanic Architecture and U-pb Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical and Volcanological Criteria in Assessing the Links between Volcanism and VMS Deposits: A Case on the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain

et al. 2021

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From source to surface: clues from garnet-bearing Carboniferous silicic volcanic rocks, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

Cravinho,

Rosa,

Relvas

et al. 2024

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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This work investigates the relationships between partial melting, melt extraction, pluton growth and silicic volcanism in garnet-bearing felsic volcanic rocks that were extruded in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, at ca. 345 Ma. The garnets are of peritectic origin, displaying textural and chemical features of disequilibrium crystallization during partial melting reactions involving biotite at high temperatures (up to 870 °C) in the middle-lower crust. Major element composition suggests compositional equilibrium with the entrained and pinitized peritectic cordierite, but reveals some subsequent homogenization by diffusion. Trace element maps and spot analyses of garnet show, nonetheless, significant trace element variations, reflecting biotite and Y-REE-P-rich accessory phase breakdown during partial melting reactions. Peritectic garnet and cordierite growth resulted in the preservation of Th- and Y-rich prograde suprasolidus monazite, which constrains the timing of partial melting of the metapelitic protolith at ca. 356.8 ± 2.4 Ma. The zircon cargo further shows that a significant amount of zircon crystals from previously crystallized felsic melts were also remobilized and erupted. These were likely stored in an upper crustal pluton that grew episodically since ca. 390 Ma during voluminous melt generation periods within the middle to lower crust, which also resulted in voluminous volcanism. The geochemical trends of the felsic volcanic rocks reflect the entrainment of xenoliths of peritectic garnet, cordierite and feldspar, and as such, the garnet-bearing felsic volcanic rocks represent an erupted mixture of a lower-temperature (ca. 770 °C) silicic melt and autocrysts, and peritectic phases and zircon crystals from previously crystallized and stored felsic melts.

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Choosing the site, getting the stones, building the dolmens: local sourcing of andesites at the El Pozuelo megalithic complex (Huelva, Spain)

Catela

Romero

Molina

et al. 2023

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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The geoarchaeological study focuses on the lithological characterization and provenance determination of the rocks of the El Pozuelo dolmens. The difficulty of identifying volcanic rocks in the intensely altered and deformed environment of the Iberian Pyrite Belt has required the implementation of a research methodology combining the archaeological and geological analysis of the megaliths and the area surrounding the Los Llanetes group. A total of 29 thin sections and 14 geochemical analyses (ICP-AES, ICP-MS and REE) have been carried out on samples from the dolmens and potential source areas, focusing on the chemical elements considered immobile during alteration processes. The petrological analyses confirm the identification of different andesite lithotypes and enable us to correlate the rocks used in the construction of the megaliths with source areas and quarries located within a 50–350 m radius. Several patterns are observed in the selection of the rocks, based on the material, visual and symbolic properties of the different lithologies. Foliated andesite is the most common stone used in the monuments, due to its excellent physical properties and technological suitability for extraction and transformation into megalithic supports. Other types of andesite (sheared, massive and amphibole-phyric), white quartz, ferruginous agglomerate and gabbro were also used for different architectural purposes. The results confirm the importance of locally available suitable rocks in determining site location, raw material procurement and monument construction during the Late Neolithic.

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Facies architecture and palaeoenvironmental constraints of subaqueous felsic volcanism in the Iberian Pyrite Belt: The Paymogo Volcano-Sedimentary Alignment

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Geochemical and Volcanological Criteria in Assessing the Links between Volcanism and VMS Deposits: A Case on the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain

Geochemical and Volcanological Criteria in Assessing the Links between Volcanism and VMS Deposits: A Case on the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain

From source to surface: clues from garnet-bearing Carboniferous silicic volcanic rocks, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

Choosing the site, getting the stones, building the dolmens: local sourcing of andesites at the El Pozuelo megalithic complex (Huelva, Spain)

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