Facies, depositional environment and diagenetic processes of the early Mid-Miocene Jeribe Formation, Central and Southern Iraq

Al-Dabbas, Moutaz A.; Al-Jassim, Jassim A.; Al-Jwaini, Yassin S.

doi:10.1007/s12517-012-0705-4

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Basin and toe-of-slope : For MA1 of the Shangsi section, the siliceous deposits and the radiolarian dominance in the fossils all indicate deposition under deep-water conditions in a relatively calm basin setting below the SWB with efficient current circulation (Flügel, 2010; Al-Dabbas et al 2013; Mehrabi et al 2014; Han et al 2016). The micrite-dominated fabric and the frequent occurrence of sponges indicate that MA2 of the Zhijin section was also deposited in relatively low-energy and deep-water conditions deeper than FWWB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MA9 includes bioclast-bearing or pyroclast-bearing wackestones and bindstones, which represent a relatively low-energy environment below the MLT (Flügel, 2010; Davis & Dalrymple, 2012; Aghaei et al 2013; Mehrabi et al 2014; Han et al 2016). Extremely rare fossils with severe micritization and fine-grained, mud-dominated fabric characterize assemblage MA10, which is interpreted to have been deposited on a shallow-marine inner ramp (corresponding to the intertidal zone between MHT and MLT) with restricted water circulation and occasional storm currents (Davis & Dalrymple, 2012; Al-Dabbas et al 2013; Han et al 2016). In MA11, most bioclasts have been transported from low-energy to high-energy environments, indicating the reactivation of sediments by storm currents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What continued after the mass extinction: insights from carbonate microfacies and biological evolution around the Permian–Triassic boundary in the middle Upper Yangtze Platform, SW China

Gong

Gao²,

Stow³

et al. 2022

Geol. Mag.

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At the end of the Palaeozoic Era, most species on Earth disappeared completely and the global sedimentary environment and biology changed dramatically. The Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) was studied in three sections of the middle Upper Yangtze Platform, SW China: Xingwen well and Zhijin and Shangsi sections. These sections are characterized by carbonate-platform, toe-of-slope and basin facies, respectively. Detailed analysis of 100 closely spaced thin-sections revealed a total of 24 microfacies and 11 microfacies associations based on the dominant carbonate grain size and the skeletal material (type and proportion). Six bioassemblages are documented for the first time, spanning c. 1 Ma across the boundary succession, including normal, resurrected and miniaturized Permian biota, and cyanobacteria-dominated, survival post-crisis and neonatal Triassic biota. The Xingwen well indicated sedimentary evolution from a rimmed carbonate platform to a homoclinal carbonate ramp, as well as a sharp fall in sea level just prior to the PTB in the study area. The Zhijin section revealed a slope setting, in which toe-of-slope and middle-ramp microfacies are identified. The Shangsi section showed a complete evolution of basin and outer-ramp microfacies and bioassemblages. Fossil evidence showed that the Permian biota (trilobites, gastropods and phylloid algae) occurred in the uppermost Changhsingian stage and was overlain by biomicrites with miniaturized ostracods (< 0.2 mm in size). This indicated that the major extinction horizon is located up to 14 cm below the PTB, which lies in the middle–lower segments of the miniaturized ostracod layer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What continued after the mass extinction: insights from carbonate microfacies and biological evolution around the Permian–Triassic boundary in the middle Upper Yangtze Platform, SW China

Gong

Gao²,

Stow³

et al. 2022

Geol. Mag.

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“…Subsequently, influenced by the Alpine diastrophism, the strong compression of the Zagros Orogeny (60–10 Ma) resulted in a series of gentle northwest–southeast anticlines in the study area (Agard et al, ; Almutury & Al‐Asadi, ; Molnar, ). Then, the tectonic movement during the Cretaceous was relatively weak, leading to a generally flat topography, which provided accommodation for the later massive deposition of bioclastic limestones (Al‐Dabbas, Al‐Jassim, & Al‐Jumaily, ; Al‐Dabbas, Al‐Jassim, & Al‐Jwaini, ; Flügel, ). These limestones are mainly shallow marine shelf carbonate deposits (Aqrawi et al, ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of facies‐controlled eogenetic karstification in the Upper Cretaceous of the Halfaya oilfield and its impact on reservoir capacity

et al. 2018

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Penecontemporaneous dissolution has been considered as the dominant origin of reservoir formation, whereas epigenetic dissolution has also played certain roles in the improvement of reservoir capacity in the Upper Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the Middle East. Here, we report a possible new reservoir origin based on a case study in the Halfaya oilfield of Iraq, that is, facies-controlled eogenetic karstification. The most representative evidence is that early selective dissolution is not only present in relative high-energy categories of rocks but also in low-energy ones in the cored intervals. Meanwhile, the occurrence frequency of karstification varies among different environments and associated lithologies. In grainstones and packstones, spongy-like dissolution pores and irregular karst channels are widely developed, with fillings and massive plastic breccias. In contrast, in wackestones, lots of high-angle karst channels are developed based on biological burrows, and the karst is more frequently observed in the shoal environment than in the low-energy environments. These characteristics are indication of eogenetic karstification.The model of this karstification can be attributed to a multiple superimposition of short-term exposure during the penecontemporaneous stage and the medium-term exposure after the shallow burial stage. The karst has impact on reservoir capacity, according to which 3 areas are divided in the increasing order, namely, the tight bedrock area, spongy-like dissolution pores area, and karst channels and vugs-filled area, among which the karst channels and vugs-filled area is the most favourable for oil accumulation. This understanding might be general to the Mishrif reservoirs in the entire Middle East.

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“…In central and southern Iraq, the Jeribe Formation (Early Middle Miocene) is mainly made up of shallow marine carbonate. Seven submicrofacies in the mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone microfacies are there, four major depositional cycles have been identified, and the growth and distribution of microfacies are influenced by cyclicity and relative sea level variations [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional Setting of the Jeribe Formation in Selected Subsurface Sections, Northern Iraq

Ibraheem,

Kareem,

Salih

2023

Iraqi Journal of Science

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The current research studies the depositional setting of the Jeribe Formation in the south Mosul area of northern Iraq, which is tectonically located in the Low Folded Zone characterized by the deposition of limestone and marly limestone of the Jeribe Formation during the Middle Miocene. Petrography has provided a diversity of fauna such as benthonic foraminifera (Miliolid, Peneroplis sp., Dendritina sp. and Borelis melo curdica) in addition to Red Algae and Mollusca. The Jeribe carbonates were affected by various diagenetic processes such as dolomitization, neomorphism, cementation, anhydritization, compaction and dissolution. Many microfacies have been identified, including lime mudestone, wackestone, packstone and Milioldal grainstone, with eight submicrofacies (Non-Fossiliferous lime mudstone, Benthonic lime mudstone, Fossiliferous wackestone, Red Algal wackestone, Milioldal packstone, Fossiliferous packstone, Green Algal packstone and Red Algal packstone). Depending on microfacies analysis, the Jeribe Formation was deposited in restricted and open marine environments within an interior platform setting.

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Facies, depositional environment and diagenetic processes of the early Mid-Miocene Jeribe Formation, Central and Southern Iraq

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

What continued after the mass extinction: insights from carbonate microfacies and biological evolution around the Permian–Triassic boundary in the middle Upper Yangtze Platform, SW China

What continued after the mass extinction: insights from carbonate microfacies and biological evolution around the Permian–Triassic boundary in the middle Upper Yangtze Platform, SW China

Identification of facies‐controlled eogenetic karstification in the Upper Cretaceous of the Halfaya oilfield and its impact on reservoir capacity

Depositional Setting of the Jeribe Formation in Selected Subsurface Sections, Northern Iraq

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