Facile and green fabrication of cellulosed based aerogels for lampblack filtration from waste newspaper

Abstract

In this study, the lightweight, hydrophobic and porous cellulose-based aerogels (CAGs) were synthesized through a freeze-drying process using waste newspaper as the only raw material. After crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and treatment with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) using a simple thermal chemical vapor deposition process, the resulting CAGs became hydrophobic and oleophilic. Furthermore, the as-prepared CAGs exhibited a low density (17.4-28.7mgcm) and mesoporous inner-structure. All these properties attributed the novel aerogel not only with a good adsorption capability of oils and organic solvents, including kerosene, nitrobenzene, and chloroform, but also an excellent filtration capacity of lampblack.

Porous Aerogels and Adsorption of Pollutants from Water and Air: A Review

“…The drying of the cellulose-derivate gel, and the consequent generation of the aerogel, is known as it is the most critical step of the process. Substantially, two kinds of drying methods have been successfully tested on cellulose-derivate gels: freeze-drying [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], and supercritical gel drying [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Generally speaking, aerogels prepared by drying with supercritical fluids usually present a cauliflower-like arrangement of cellulose: an agglomeration of tiny, shaggy beads.…”

Current Status of Cellulosic and Nanocellulosic Materials for Oil Spill Cleanup

“…As a result of complex intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond networking in cellulose macromolecules, cellulose is not soluble in water and shows amphiphilic nature, but can be dissolved in various solvents and be regenerated afterwards. LiCl/dimethylacetamide (DMAc) [ 97 ], LiCl/DMSO [ 98 ], alkali/water/urea [ 82 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ] or thiourea [ 74 , 103 ], ionic liquids (IL), e.g., 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) [ 59 , 104 , 105 , 106 ] and deep-eutectic solvents (DES), e.g., choline-chloride/urea [ 107 ]) are most famous cellulose dissolution systems. Cellulose solvents substantially influence regenerated cellulose properties, regardless of the fabricated material being membrane, hydrogel, or aerogel.…”

“…In many cases, the hydroxyl group of the cellulose is a target for crosslinking (typical examples for chemical crosslinkers see Figure 3 ). Ethers are formed with homo-biofunctional crosslinkers such as 1,4-butanediol diglycidylether (BDE) [ 82 , 109 ], glutaraldehyde (GA) [ 106 , 110 , 111 , 112 ], polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) [ 113 ], or hetero-bifunctional crosslinkers, such as (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), which undergoes subsequently self-condensation with its silanol-group [ 85 ], or epichlorohydrin (ECH) [ 57 , 77 , 114 ]. Oxidation of the cellulose pyrane ring with NaIO 4 results in a highly reactive dialdehyde, which could be crosslinked with chitosan to form the Schiff base [ 101 ].…”

“…However, although at least a weak correlation was expected, no significant trend could be found for both material parameters. Aerogels with high S BET showed low absorption capacity (e.g., S BET = 405 m 2 g −1 , oil absorption capacity = 31.1 cm 3 g −1 [ 106 ]) and vice versa (e.g., S BET = 33 m 2 g −1 , oil absorption capacity = 415.1 cm 3 g −1 [ 58 ]). It is noteworthy that there is a wide variation regarding the S BET even within precursor materials classes, which is most probably attributed to very different synthesis conditions and reactants.…”

“…It is noteworthy that there is a wide variation regarding the S BET even within precursor materials classes, which is most probably attributed to very different synthesis conditions and reactants. The S BET range from 3.4 m 2 g −1 [ 61 ]–405 m 2 g −1 [ 106 ] for bulk cellulose and derivatives, 3.8 m 2 g −1 [ 156 ]–397 m 2 g −1 [ 81 ] for nanostructured lignocellulose fibers (CNF/MFC), m 2 g −1 [ 90 ]–449 m 2 g −1 [ 67 ] for BNC to 23 m 2 g −1 [ 162 ]–250 m 2 g −1 [ 115 ] for CNC.…”