Facile and Rapid Determination of Contamination in Sulphur Pesticide Formulations by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Up to 7% of pesticide products in the European market are illegal, counterfeit or of poor quality. As a result, regulatory authorities are required to determine a wide variety of impurities in many different pesticide formulations. A simple, rapid and exceptionally reliable LC-MS-MS method for the determination of carbendazim residual quantities in sulphur formulations, used in organic agriculture, has been developed and validated. Linearity of response was established (R (2) = 0.9997) over a wide range of concentrations (0.01-2 microg/mL). Recovery ranged from 94% to 101%. LOD and LOQ were 0.003 microg/mL and 0.005 microg/mL, respectively, and lack of interference was confirmed.

Composition of Commercial Bis(2‐ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate Surfactant By‐Products and their Effects on an Agrochemical Formulation

“…Identification of counterfeit products by the nature and content of their active ingredient(s) has been demonstrated for pharmaceutical products [11,12]. The use of the by-product spectrum of a formulation additive for the detection of a counterfeit would constitute an additional technique to those already existing, such as specialized packing materials [36], radio frequency identification (RFID) [37], bulk analysis of products with, for example, NIR [38,39] or NMR [40], which all have their limitations.…”

“…Finally, we have demonstrated that the contents of monoesters can be used to identify the supplier of an AOT product in a model agrochemical formulation. Therefore, the by-product spectra of formulation additives might be useful in the identification of the origins of agrochemical products in anticounterfeiting investigations, complementing the established methodologies [11,12,[36][37][38][39][40]. The applicability of such identification, using by-product spectra, to other surfactant products with much broader byproduct spectra, such as nonionic surfactants, warrants investigation.…”

“…Furthermore, differences among the products of different suppliers, where observed, could also assist in the investigation of counterfeiting, by allowing a supplier to be identified by the by-product spectrum of the product. Such techniques have been used to identify fake perfumes [9] and whiskey [10], and counterfeit pharmaceutical products have been identified by the nature and content of their active ingredients [11,12].…”

Novel Approaches in Genetic Toxicology of Pesticides by Applying Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Technique

“…Low levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) known as a potent human carcinogen, are www.intechopen.com Novel Approaches in Genetic Toxicology of Pesticides Applying Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Technique 281 present in herbicide formulations containing chlorophenoxyacetic acids (Eastmond & Balakrishnan, 2001). Carbendazim may be found in sulphur pesticide formulations that are approved for application in organic agriculture (Balayiannis et al, 2009). It further contains 2,3 diaminophenazine (DAP) that is suspected to be responsible for carbendazim's carcinogenic effect in mice.…”

Rapid Identification and Quantification of Adulteration in Methyl Eugenol using Raman Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Data Analysis

“…19 To achieve this goal and ensure the quality of plant protection products (i.e., pesticides), different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques have been employed. 20 Many studies have shown that different conventional analytical techniques have been used for analyzing the concentration of adulterants in pesticide formulations, such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of adulterants in pesticide formulations, 21 high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography for the detection of active ingredients and adulterants present in plant protection products, 22 ultra-performance liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the analysis of adulterants contained in pesticide formulations, 23 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of contaminants and adulterants present in pesticide formulations, 24 high-performance liquid chromatography along with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the simultaneous identification of adulterants and active ingredients in pesticide formulations, 25 and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect the adulterants present in pesticide products. 26 These techniques are costly, time-consuming, and require sample preparation.…”