Facile and scalable synthesis of sub-micrometer electrolyte particles for solid acid fuel cells

Lohmann-Richters, Felix P.; Odenwald, Christina; Kickelbick, Guido; Abel, Bernd; Varga, Áron

doi:10.1039/c8ra03293a

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In comparison to combustion engines, fuel cells are a more environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuel-based energy sources, converting chemical energy directly and continuously into electrical energy, and vice versa, with high efficiency and low/or no pollutant emissions [1][2][3][4][5][6]. An intermediate temperature fuel cell, which is based on a new class of electrolytes called solid acid caesium dihydrogen phosphate (CsH 2 PO 4 , CDP), is cited as a promising solution to the energy crisis [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The unique characteristics of the CDP electrolyte present several challenges for the optimization of the solid acid fuel cell (SAFC), specifically in relation to the cathode microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Loading of Iron Oxide and Platinum on CVD-Graphene Composites as Effective Electrode Catalysts for Solid Acid Fuel Cells

et al. 2023

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We propose a new design for electrocatalysts consisting of two electrocatalysts (platinum and iron oxide) that are deposited on the surfaces of an oxidized graphene substrate. This design is based on a simple structure where the catalysts were deposited separately on both sides of oxidized graphene substrate; while the iron oxide precipitated out of the etching solution on the bottom-side, the surface of the oxidized graphene substrate was decorated with platinum using the atomic layer deposition technique. The Fe2O3-decorated CVD-graphene composite exhibited better hydrogen electrooxidation performance (area-normalized electrode resistance (ANR) of ~600 Ω·cm−2) and superior stability in comparison with bare-graphene samples (ANR of ~5800 Ω·cm−2). Electrochemical impedance measurements in humidified hydrogen at 240 °C for (Fe2O3|Graphene|Platinum) electrodes show ANR of ~0.06 Ω·cm−2 for a platinum loading of ~60 µgPt·cm−2 and Fe2O3 loading of ~2.4 µgFe·cm−2, resulting in an outstanding mass normalized activity of almost 280 S·mgPt−1, exceeding even state-of-the-art electrodes. This ANR value is ~30% lower than the charge transfer resistance of the same electrode composition in the absence of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Detailed study of the Fe2O3 electrocatalytic properties reveals a significant improvement in the electrode’s activity and performance stability with the addition of iron ions to the platinum-decorated oxidized graphene cathodes, indicating that these hybrid (Fe2O3|Graphene|Platinum) materials may serve as highly efficient catalysts for solid acid fuel cells and beyond.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Loading of Iron Oxide and Platinum on CVD-Graphene Composites as Effective Electrode Catalysts for Solid Acid Fuel Cells

et al. 2023

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“…Solid acids are an alternative and interesting class of proton conducting electrolytes for fuel cell applications. After Haile [1][2][3][4] demonstrated the general concept employing CsH 2 PO 4 (CDP) in solid acid-based fuel cells (SAFCs) they were further developed by a number of researchers [1,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and appreciated for their intermediate operating temperature (230-260 • C) in comparison to polymer electrolyte membranes fuel cells (PEMFCs). Although, SAFCs feature a number of advantages the use of solid acids for fuel cell electrolytes poses at least two major obstacles for their large-scale commercialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized and Platinum-Decorated Multi-Layer Oxidized Graphene as a Proton, and Electron Conducting Separator in Solid Acid Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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In the present article, electrodes containing a composite of platinum on top of a plasma-oxidized multi-layer graphene film are investigated as model electrodes that combine an exceptional high platinum utilization with high electrode stability. Graphene is thereby acting as a separator between the phosphate-based electrolyte and the platinum catalyst. Electrochemical impedance measurements in humidified hydrogen at 240 °C show area-normalized electrode resistance of 0.06 Ω·cm−2 for a platinum loading of ∼60 µgPt·cm−2, resulting in an outstanding mass normalized activity of almost 280 S·mgPt−1, exceeding even state-of-the-art electrodes. The presented platinum decorated graphene electrodes enable stable operation over 60 h with a non-optimized degradation rate of 0.15% h−1, whereas electrodes with a similar design but without the graphene as separator are prone to a very fast degradation. The presented results propose an efficient way to stabilize solid acid fuel cell electrodes and provide valuable insights about the degradation processes which are essential for further electrode optimization.

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“…Polymer compounds were synthesized by tape casting using different solvents and methods of salt introduction into the polymer matrix. Butvar® B98 with thermal stability and extremely low water absorption, successfully used for the synthesis of highly conductive electrolytes, was chosen as a polymer heterogeneous matrix [15][16][17][18]. The presence of three different functional groups ensures high adhesion to various types of surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High conductive hybrid polymer CsH₅(PO₄)₂-Butvar compounds

Gus'kov

Пономарева

2021

MATEC Web Conf.

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Hybrid polymer compounds (1–х)CsH5(PO4)2-хButvar (х=0– 0.3), synthesized with different solvents (ethanol and isopropanol) were first synthesized and investigated. Fundamental possibility of creating new highly conductive thin polymer electrolytes based on CsH5(PO4)2 was shown. An optimal synthesis method was determined. The crystal structure of CsH5(PO4)2 (P21/c) remains unchanged in the polymer system. The thickness of the electrolyte is no more than 50-100 μm. Proton conductivity increases by 2 orders of magnitude and depends on the composition. The highest conductivity was 10-1 S/cm at 135 °C. Changes in conductivity are caused by dispersion of the salt, as well as by the presence of insignificant amounts of residual water under the synthesis conditions.

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Facile and scalable synthesis of sub-micrometer electrolyte particles for solid acid fuel cells

Abstract: Stable sub-micrometer CsH2PO4 electrolyte particles for application in solid acid fuel cells are precipitated in a facile, scalable way.

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Ultra-Low Loading of Iron Oxide and Platinum on CVD-Graphene Composites as Effective Electrode Catalysts for Solid Acid Fuel Cells

Ultra-Low Loading of Iron Oxide and Platinum on CVD-Graphene Composites as Effective Electrode Catalysts for Solid Acid Fuel Cells

Functionalized and Platinum-Decorated Multi-Layer Oxidized Graphene as a Proton, and Electron Conducting Separator in Solid Acid Fuel Cells

High conductive hybrid polymer CsH₅(PO₄)₂-Butvar compounds

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Facile and scalable synthesis of sub-micrometer electrolyte particles for solid acid fuel cells

Abstract: Stable sub-micrometer CsH2PO4 electrolyte particles for application in solid acid fuel cells are precipitated in a facile, scalable way.

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Ultra-Low Loading of Iron Oxide and Platinum on CVD-Graphene Composites as Effective Electrode Catalysts for Solid Acid Fuel Cells

Ultra-Low Loading of Iron Oxide and Platinum on CVD-Graphene Composites as Effective Electrode Catalysts for Solid Acid Fuel Cells

Functionalized and Platinum-Decorated Multi-Layer Oxidized Graphene as a Proton, and Electron Conducting Separator in Solid Acid Fuel Cells

High conductive hybrid polymer CsH5(PO4)2-Butvar compounds

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Product

Resources

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High conductive hybrid polymer CsH₅(PO₄)₂-Butvar compounds