Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

Nm, Zholobak; Попов, А. И.; Shcherbakov, A. B.; Popova, N.R.; Guzyk, M. M.; Antonovich, V. P.; Yegorova, A. V.; Scrypynets, Yuliya V; Leonenko, I. I.; Baranchikov, А. Е.; Ivanov, V. K.

doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The above highlights the applicability of the CND-based complex as a ratiometric fluorescent imaging agent for targeted endogenous and exogenous hydrogen peroxide in living cells. In another study, Zholobak et al prepared CNDs by melting citric acid and urea [90]. They incubated diploid epithelial swine testicular cells with the CNDs and found that although the CNDs cause no toxicity to the cells, they inhibit the activity of NADP-H-dependent oxidoreductase enzymes.…”

Section: Target-specific Imaging Applications For Eukaryotic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioimaging Applications of Carbon Nanodots: A Review

Kasouni

Chatzimitakos

Stalikas

2019

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Carbon nanodots (CNDs) is the newest member of carbon-based nanomaterials and one of the most promising for the development of new, advanced applications. Owing to their unique and unparalleled physicochemical and photoluminescent properties, they are considered to be a rising star among nanomaterials. During the last decade, many applications have been developed based on CNDs. Among others, they have been used as bioimaging agents to label cells and tissues. In this review, we will discuss the advancements in the applications of CNDs in in the field of imaging, in all types of organisms (i.e., prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and animals). Selective imaging of one type of cells over another, imaging of (bio)molecules inside cells and tumor-targeting imaging are some of the studies that will be discussed hereafter. We hope that this review will assist researchers with obtaining a holistic view of the developed applications and hit on new ideas so that more advanced applications can be developed in the near future.

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Section: Target-specific Imaging Applications For Eukaryotic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioimaging Applications of Carbon Nanodots: A Review

Kasouni

Chatzimitakos

Stalikas

2019

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“…[56] Zholobak also applied CDs synthesized from CA and urea for live/fixed diploid epithelial swine testicular cell line (ST-cells) staining. [74] Furthermore, in vivo bioimaging was also conducted with citrate-based CDs. Goh et al utilized citrate-based CDs for in vivo real time bioimaging of target-specific delivery of hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives.…”

Section: Citrate-based Carbon Dots (Cds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrate‐Based Fluorescent Biomaterials

Shan

Hsieh

Bai

et al. 2018

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Fluorescence imaging has emerged as a promising technique for monitoring and assessing various biologically relevant species in cells and organisms, driving the demand for effective fluorescent agents with good biocompatibility and high fluorescence performance. However, traditional fluorescent agents, such as quantum dots (QDs) and organic dyes, either suffer from toxicity concerns or poor fluorescence performance (e.g., low photobleaching-resistance). In this regard, citrate-based fluorescent biomaterials, which are synthesized from the natural and biocompatible precursor of citric acid (CA), have become competitive alternatives for fluorescence imaging owing to their biocompatibility, cost effectiveness, straightforward synthetic routes, flexible designability, as well as strong fluorescence with adjustable excitation/emission wavelengths. Accordingly, numerous citrate-based biomaterials, including carbon dots (CDs), biodegradable photoluminescent polymers (BPLPs), and small molecular fluorophores, have been developed and researched in the past few decades. This review discusses recent progress in the research and development of citrate-based fluorescent materials with emphasis on their design and synthesis considerations, material properties, fluorescence properties and mechanisms, as well as biomedical applications. It is expected that this review will provide an insightful discussion on the citrate-based fluorescent biomaterials, and lead to innovations for the next generation of fluorescent biomaterials and fluorescence-based biomedical technology.

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“…1d). Because the UV-Vis absorption of citrazinic acid is characterised by a main band peaking around 340 nm, this molecule and its derivates should be the primary source of the fluorescence at around 450 nm 1,7,13 ( Supplementary Information, Fig. S1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating sol-gel and carbon dots chemistry for the fabrication of fluorescent hybrid organic-inorganic films

Mura

Ludmerczki

Stagi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Highly fluorescent blue and green-emitting carbon dots have been designed to be integrated into solgel processing of hybrid organic-inorganic materials through surface modification with an organosilane, 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The carbon dots have been synthesised using citric acid and urea as precursors; the intense fluorescence exhibited by the nanoparticles, among the highest reported in the scientific literature, has been stabilised against quenching by APTES. When the modification is carried out in an aqueous solution, it leads to the formation of silica around the C-dots and an increase of luminescence, but also to the formation of large clusters which do not allow the deposition of optically transparent films. On the contrary, when the C-dots are modified in ethanol, the APTES improves the stability in the precursor sol even if any passivating thin silica shell does not form. Hybrid films containing APTES-functionalized C-dots are transparent with no traces of C-dots aggregation and show an intense luminescence in the blue and green range.Carbon dots (C-dots) are fluorescent nanomaterials with optical properties comparable to semiconductor quantum dots. C-dots, however, have a much lower cost and environmental impact, which make them a hot topic of research 1,2 . A major advantage is the possibility to produce C-dots from an almost endless variety of precursors and methods. On the other hand, strict control of the properties through the process is still challenging to achieve, and the main efforts are now dedicated to obtaining reliable and reproducible synthesis.The citric acid (CA) alone or in combination with other compounds is one of the most popular precursors for C-dots 3 . CA-based C-dots have on their surface different carboxy-groups, which increase the solubility and allow surface passivation or functionalization with organic molecules 4-6 or polymers 7 . In general, pure CA C-dots, without any modification, show a weak emission, and doping 1 with B, N, S, Si and P atoms is a possible solution to improve their quantum yield. Most of the CA C-dots are doped with nitrogen that enhances the luminescence by producing azo-compounds through the reaction between the carboxylic and amino groups; after carbonisation, they form water-dispersible and highly emitting C-dots 8 . Different amines have been used for this purpose, such as ethylenediamine (EDA) 2,5,9 , hexamethylenetetramine 6 , o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) 10 , triethylenetetramine 11 , hexadecylamine (HDA) 8 , and triethanolamine 6 . Quantum yields (QY) under 8% for most of the amines, with the exception of EDA 6 which gives a QY of 86%, have been obtained. Urea, because of the high nitrogen content, can be used for doping CA C-dots 1,5,12-17 and different methods have been developed so far. Hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave and microwave exposure are simple synthesis for producing luminescent C-dots from citric acid and urea. Low QY (16%) 1 have been obtained by processing the dots via oven treatments, with even lower QY value...

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Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

Cited by 42 publications

References 62 publications

Bioimaging Applications of Carbon Nanodots: A Review

Bioimaging Applications of Carbon Nanodots: A Review

Citrate‐Based Fluorescent Biomaterials

Integrating sol-gel and carbon dots chemistry for the fabrication of fluorescent hybrid organic-inorganic films

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