Facile growth of aligned WO3 nanorods on FTO substrate for enhanced photoanodic water oxidation activity

Kalanur, Shankara S.; Hwang, Yun Jeong; Chae, Sang Youn; Joo, Oh‐Shim

doi:10.1039/c3ta01175e

Cited by 291 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…1a, the A, B and C diffraction peaks at 2θ values of 25.84°, 38.64° and 44.92° could be indexed as (101), (112) and (122) planes of the WO 3 structure. The peak width of textured grains in the growth directions of (110) and (122) was very narrow, indicating a high degree of crystallinity [20,21]. The C and G peak intensities gradually increased to their maximum and the C peak shifted slightly to a lower angle position as the growth time increased, indicating that the lattice parameter increased with the increase in the growth time [20].…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

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Effect of growth time on structural, morphological and electrical properties of tungsten oxide nanowire

et al. 2018

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In this work, tungsten oxide nanowires were grown directly on a tungsten substrate in 800 °C using thermal evaporation method in a horizontal tube furnace. The effect of growth time on structural, morphological, elemental composition and electrical properties of the tungsten oxide nanostructures was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique and KIETHLEY 2361 system. Our experimental results show that tungsten oxide nanowires crystalline phase, electrical conductance and density on the substrate surface depend on the growth time. The XRD results showed that tungsten oxide nanowires are synthesized with a cubic WO 3 structure. Moreover, the lattice strain, grain size and dislocation density were obtained in three different growth time. It is noteworthy that by increasing the growth time the crystallinity increases. The FESEM images at different growth times showed that the nanowires on grains begin to germinate when the growth time increases to 6 h. At this time, nanowire structures with 1 µm in diameter and 40 µm in length were formed and continued to grow which caused a change in the morphology. In addition, the XPS results showed that the sample that has grown at longer growth time exhibit two asymmetric W4d5/2 and W4d3/2 peak at 252 and 263 eV which can be assigned to W5+ and W4+ species, respectively. Moreover, the linear I-V curves are obtained and it is found that by increasing the growth time, the conductivity of the sample increases due to increasing number of wires on the sample surface. Finally, the conditions and mechanism of WO 3 nanowire growth are discussed. The results can be used to guide a better understanding about the growth behavior of WO 3 nanowires and can contribute towards the development of novel nanodevices.

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Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

“…XRD analysis is also employed to identify details about phase compositions, crystal preferred orientations and crystal defect concentrations [21]. At shorter growth times the dominant orientation of WO 3 nanowires is the (122) plane.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of growth time on structural, morphological and electrical properties of tungsten oxide nanowire

et al. 2018

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“…Early works for PEC water splitting using 1D metal oxides employed α-Fe 2 O 3 nanorod arrays as photoanodes. 21,22 These approaches were extended to other metal oxide photoanodes for efficient charge transport such as TiO 2 nanorods, 23 TiO 2 nanowires, 24 ZnO nanorods, 25 ZnO nanowires, 26 WO 3 nanorods, 27 WO 3 nanowires, 28 and PbBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 nanorods. 29 Nanorod or nanowire arrays allowed a more efficient transport and collection of photogenerated electrons through a designed path compared to planar films.…”

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Strategies for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting using metal oxide photoanodes

Cho¹,

Jang²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

APL Materials

127

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to hydrogen is an attractive method for capturing and storing the solar energy in the form of chemical energy. Metal oxides are promising photoanode materials due to their low-cost synthetic routes and higher stability than other semiconductors. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent efforts to improve PEC efficiencies via applying a variety of fabrication strategies to metal oxide photoanodes including (i) size and morphology-control, (ii) metal oxide heterostructuring, (iii) dopant incorporation, (iv) attachments of quantum dots as sensitizer, (v) attachments of plasmonic metal nanoparticles, and (vi) co-catalyst coupling. Each strategy highlights the underlying principles and mechanisms for the performance enhancements.

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“…The WO3 film with special oriented or one dominant facet was fabricated using different capping agents [10,11]. In other works, WO3 vertical plate-like and rod-like array films have also been obtained by the hydrothermal method without seed layer [5,12]. The above vertically aligned films show satisfactory photoelectrochemical properties because two-dimensional arrays can provide a direct pathway for efficient charge transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past decades, numerous researchers have focused on discovering novel solid-state catalysts that can effectively split water using either unbiased or externally biased electrodes. Since wide-band gap semiconductors like TiO2 [2] and ZnO [3] were studied as photocatalysts for water-splitting, more recent efforts have turned to WO3 due to its bandgap of 2.6 eV [4], its photostability in acidic conditions [5] and its good hole mobility [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Surface Passivation on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of WO3 Vertical Plate-Like Films

et al. 2015

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WO3 vertical plate-like arrays provide a direct pathway for charge transport, and thus hold great potential as working electrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, surface recombination due to surface defects hinders the performance improvement. In this work, WO3 vertical plate-like arrays films with HfO2 passivation layer were fabricated via a simple dip-coating method. In the images of transmission electron microscope, a fluffy layer and some small sphere particles existed on the surface of WO3 plate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed a higher concentration of Hf element than the result of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), which means that HfO2 is rich on the surface of WO3 plates. A higher photocurrent under visible light irradiation was gained with surface passivation. Meanwhile, the results of intensity modulated photocurrent spectrum (IMPS) and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) indicate that HfO2 passivation layer, acting as a barrier for the interfacial recombination, is responsible for the improved photoelectrochemical performance of WO3 vertical plate-like arrays film.

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Facile growth of aligned WO3 nanorods on FTO substrate for enhanced photoanodic water oxidation activity

Cited by 291 publications

References 63 publications

Effect of growth time on structural, morphological and electrical properties of tungsten oxide nanowire

Effect of growth time on structural, morphological and electrical properties of tungsten oxide nanowire

Research Update: Strategies for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting using metal oxide photoanodes

Effect of Surface Passivation on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of WO3 Vertical Plate-Like Films

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