Facile hydrothermal assisted synthesis of time dependent Cu2S thin films for efficient photoelectrochemical application

An efficient Cu2Zn1−xInxSn(S,Se)4 multicomponent photocathode via one-step hydrothermal approach for thin film solar cell

“…The configuration of the Cu 2 Zn 1− x In x Sn(S,Se) 4 thin film occurs when the ionic products of the Cu + , Zn 2+ , In 3+ , Sn 4+ , S 2− and Se 2− ions exceeds to the solubility product of the Cu 2 Zn 1− x In x Sn(S,Se) 4 material. 42 The preparative parameters for the fabrication of CZITSSe are tabulated in Table S1 (ESI†).…”

Hydrothermally synthesized nanocrystalline photoactive SnS2 thin films: effect of surface directing agents

“…27,39 The peaks at 2y values of 26.30, 37.58 and 51.301 represent the peaks of FTO in the respective XRD patterns. 3 Debye Scherrer's equation was helpful to calculate the crystallite size of the SnS 2 thin films 40 (eqn ( 8)). size.…”

“…Peaks for C1s at 284.56eV and O1s at 532.07 can be ascribed to adventitious carbon in residue form, which was taken as a reference to calibrate the binding energies of other elements and atmospheric oxygen, respectively, which are slightly altered due to exposure of the film to the open atmosphere. 3 Fig. 6(b) shows the core level spectrum of Sn3d wherein peaks concentrated at 495.74 eV and 487.13 eV represent Sn Fig.…”

“…that are responsible for global warming, thus making our planet uninhabitable. [1][2][3] After seeing this scenario, people have started to look towards harmless, cheaper and sustainable energy generation techniques to produce electricity. So, as per our needs of low cost, easy availability, eco-friendliness and low maintenance, hydropower/hydrokinetic and solar cell (photovoltaic cell) technologies are promising.…”

“…11 However, presently, researchers are showing more interest in I B -IV A transition metal chalcogenide thin films because of their assured properties and applications in various fields. 3 Especially, researchers have shown interest in SnS 2 as an absorber as it is a visible wavelength material 12 having a tuneable band gap of 2.2 eV. 13 Sn and S are earth abundant and cost effective as compared to indium, selenium, and tellurium, and they are even cheaper than cadmium and zinc.…”