Facile preparation of polybenzoxazine-based carbon microspheres with nitrogen functionalities: Effects of mixed solvents on pore structure and supercapacitive performance

Thubsuang, Uthen; Chotirut, Suphawadee; Thongnok, Apisit; Promraksa, Archw; Nisoa, Mudtorlep; Wongkasemjit, Sujitra; Chaisuwan, Thanyalak

doi:10.1007/s11705-019-1899-8

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…With global initiatives to reduce emissions, it is critical to advance energy storage and energy conversion technologies such as lithiumion batteries and supercapacitors [77]. Supercapacitors exhibit high power density, fast charge-discharge processes, and long cycle life, therefore they have applications in mobile electronic devices, electric vehicles, and other renewable energy storage solutions [79,80].…”

Section: As Electrodes Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microporous carbons, or activated carbons, are commonly used electrode materials for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) as shown in Figure 28. The incorporation of electrochemically active species, such as nitrogen, boron, phosphorus, or oxygen, into the carbon framework can enhance supercapacitor qualities [77,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96]. Introducing heteroatoms into a carbon network can generate reversible pseudo-capacitance from Faradaic electrochemical reactions, which enhances electronic conductivity and surface wettability of the electrolyte and electrode interface and, in turn, improves electrochemical performance of the carbon material [77,[80][81][82][84][85][86][87]93,95].…”

Section: As Electrodes Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The storage mechanism of EDLCs involves a double layer physisorption of solvated electrolyte ions at the electrolyte/electrode interface. This indicates that the electrode material and its textural/physical properties, including surface area, pore size, electronic conductivity, and surface wettability significantly affect the performance of the EDLCs [80]. Carbon aerogels are applicable supercapacitor electrode materials because of their electrical conductivity, high porosity, controllable pore structure, and highly usable surface area properties [89,90].…”

Section: As Electrodes Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

et al. 2021

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This comprehensive review article summarizes the key properties and applications of advanced carbonaceous materials obtained from polybenzoxazines. Identification of several thermal degradation products that arose during carbonization allowed for several different mechanisms (both competitive ones and independent ones) of carbonization, while also confirming the thermal stability of benzoxazines. Electrochemical properties of polybenzoxazine-derived carbon materials were also examined, noting particularly high pseudocapacitance and charge stability that would make benzoxazines suitable as electrodes. Carbon materials from benzoxazines are also highly versatile and can be synthesized and prepared in a number of ways including as films, foams, nanofibers, nanospheres, and aerogels/xerogels, some of which provide unique properties. One example of the special properties is that materials can be porous not only as aerogels and xerogels, but as nanofibers with highly tailorable porosity, controlled through various preparation techniques including, but not limited to, the use of surfactants and silica nanoparticles. In addition to the high and tailorable porosity, benzoxazines have several properties that make them good for numerous applications of the carbonized forms, including electrodes, batteries, gas adsorbents, catalysts, shielding materials, and intumescent coatings, among others. Extreme thermal and electrical stability also allows benzoxazines to be used in harsher conditions, such as in aerospace applications.

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Section: As Electrodes Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: As Electrodes Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: As Electrodes Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…For the past few years, polymer-based porous carbons with nitrogen functionalities have been used as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. The in-situ method of preparing porous carbon with N atom is the most preferred and costs much less [ 19 ]. Polybenzoxazines (Pbzs) are considered an advanced form of phenolic resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Prepared from a Polybenzoxazine Precursor for High Performance Supercapacitors

et al. 2021

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Supercapacitors store energy either by ion adsorption or fast surface redox reactions. The capacitance produced by the former is known as electrochemical double layer capacitance and the latter is known as pseudo-capacitance. Carbon materials are found to be attractive materials for energy storage, due to their various micro-structures and wide source of availability. Polybenzoxazine (Pbz) is used as a source to produce carbon materials, due to the fact that the obtained carbon will be rich in N and O species for enhanced performance. Moreover, the carbon materials were produced via template-free method. In general, activation temperature plays a main role in altering the porosity of the carbon materials. The main purpose of this study is to find the suitable activation temperature necessary to produce porous carbons with enhanced performance. Considering these points, Pbz is used as a precursor to produce nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NRPCs) without using any template. Three different activation temperatures, namely 700, 800 and 900 °C, are chosen to prepare activated porous carbons; NRPC-700, NRPC-800 and NRPC-900. Hierarchical micro-/ meso-/macropores were developed in the porous carbons with respect to different activation temperatures. PBz source is used to produce carbons containing heteroatoms and an activation process is used to produce carbons with desirable pore structures. The surface morphology, pore structure and binding of heteroatoms to the carbon surface were analyzed in detail. NRPCs produced in this way can be used as supercapacitors. Further, electrodes were developed using these NRPCs and their electrochemical performance including capacitance, specific capacitance, galvanic charge/discharge, impedance, rate capability are analyzed. The obtained results showed that the activation temperature of 900 °C, is suitable to produce NRPC with a specific capacitance of 245 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, that are attributed to high surface area, suitable pore structure and presence of heteroatoms.

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“…The properties of electrode materials are key in determining the energy storage capacity of supercapacitors, , and within this field, the development of nanostructured materials has become a research hotspot. Electrode materials of a supercapacitor mainly include metal oxides, − conductive polymer materials, − and carbon-based materials. − Carbon-based materials, including activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, templated carbon, carbon aerogel, and graphene, have the advantages of controllable porosity, good cycle stability, high conductivity, and high environmental compatibility. Among all carbon-based materials, biomass-derived porous activated carbon, as a kind of environmentally friendly material, attracts heightened attention due to the abundance of raw materials, easy procurement, low cost, large specific surface area, and superior electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diethanolamine-Assisted Preparation of Reed Flower-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Huang

Shen

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Reed flower (RF)-derived porous carbon-based electrodes are produced with KOH as the activating agent and diethanolamine (DEA) as the additive via a facile method without precarbonization. DEA with good wettability can facilitate the permeation of KOH through plant tissues, thus enhancing the KOH activation and increasing the specific surface area (SSA) as well as the pore volume. In addition, DEA as a nitrogen-doping agent can also increase the nitrogen content of carbon materials. The porous carbon synthesized with DEA (RFAC-N) exhibits a significantly larger SSA of 1691 m 2 g −1 , an evidently higher pore volume of 1.08 m 3 g −1 , and a higher N content (1.93 wt %) than that synthesized without DEA. Examined in a symmetric twoelectrode electrochemical test system with KOH as the electrolyte, RFAC-N presents a high specific capacitance (254.3 F g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 ), superb rate performance (192.7 F g −1 at 30 A g −1 ), a high energy density of 9.40 Wh kg −1 , good reversibility, and excellent long cycle stability (89.5% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g −1 ). Possessing impressive properties and performance, the N-doped biomass-derived porous carbon materials with a high N content, as synthesized with a facile method presented in this work, demonstrate their vast potential in application in high-performance energy storage devices.

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Facile preparation of polybenzoxazine-based carbon microspheres with nitrogen functionalities: Effects of mixed solvents on pore structure and supercapacitive performance

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

Advanced Carbon Materials Derived from Polybenzoxazines: A Review

N-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Prepared from a Polybenzoxazine Precursor for High Performance Supercapacitors

Diethanolamine-Assisted Preparation of Reed Flower-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor Electrodes

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