“…15 Currently, the traditional recycling directions can be roughly categorized into three approaches: (i) pyrometallurgical, 16,17 (ii) hydrometallurgical, 18–20 and (iii) transformation to other materials. 21–23 Pyrometallurgical recycling involves baking spent graphite at temperatures over 1000 °C to decompose impurities through high calcine and restore the graphite structure, achieving recovery. 24 Gao et al showed excellent physical properties close to those of commercial graphite using 900 °C heat treatment of graphite.…”
The demand for recovering lithium-ion battery components is increasing due to the surging volume of spent lithium-ion batteries. Graphite is commonly used as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries, and...
“…15 Currently, the traditional recycling directions can be roughly categorized into three approaches: (i) pyrometallurgical, 16,17 (ii) hydrometallurgical, 18–20 and (iii) transformation to other materials. 21–23 Pyrometallurgical recycling involves baking spent graphite at temperatures over 1000 °C to decompose impurities through high calcine and restore the graphite structure, achieving recovery. 24 Gao et al showed excellent physical properties close to those of commercial graphite using 900 °C heat treatment of graphite.…”
The demand for recovering lithium-ion battery components is increasing due to the surging volume of spent lithium-ion batteries. Graphite is commonly used as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries, and...
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