Facile Strategy to Low-Cost Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous, Active Carbon of High Graphitization for Energy Storage

Abstract

To achieve high energy/power output, long serving life, and low cost of carbon-based electrodes for energy storage, we have developed a unique synthesis method for the fabrication of hierarchically porous carbon of high graphitization (HPCHG), derived from pyrolysis of an iron-containing organometallic precursor in a molten ZnCl media at relatively low temperatures. The as-prepared HPCHG has a large specific surface area (>1200 m g), abundant micro/mesopores, and plenty of surface defects. When tested in a supercapacitor (SC), the HPCHG electrode delivers 248 F g at 0.5 A g and a high capacitance retention of 52.4% (130 F g) at 50 A g. When tested in a sodium-ion battery (SIB), the HPCHG electrode exhibits a reversible capacity of 322 mA h g at 100 mA g while maintaining ∼75% of the initial stable capacity after 2000 cycles with the applied current density as high as 5000 mA g, implying that the HPCHG electrode is very promising for energy storage.

Green synthesis of graphite from CO2 without graphitization process of amorphous carbon

“…After carbonization, the carbon precursors are converted into graphitizable or nongraphitizable carbon. Direct graphitization of graphitizable carbon at high temperature (~3000°C) and catalytic graphitization of non-graphitizable carbon at a temperature of~1000°C are the two primary routes of transforming amorphous carbon into graphite 22,23 . Moreover, the transition metal catalysts are found to be difficult to separate from synthetic graphite 24 .…”

Catalytic graphitization assisted synthesis of Fe3C/Fe/graphitic carbon with advanced pseudocapacitance

“…Till now, various strategies have been proposed to develop porous structure, including carbonization under KOH, 9 ZnCl 2 (ref. 10 and 11 ) and CO 2 . 12 Despite the remarkable increase in the SSA value and pore size after activation, most materials display unsatisfied specific capacitance because of the low conductivity.…”

Application of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composites for Gas Sensing and Effects of Synthesis Strategies on Gas-Sensitive Performance

“…It is found that Cu ions in Cu-BTC can react with carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfonic groups on carbon-based materials, which can reduce the influence of water to some extent and improve the selectivity of some gases (such as NH 3 ) [131,149]. Of course, some methods have been adopted in the experiment to improve the hydrophobicity further, mainly introducing hydrophobic groups or hydrophobic substances [150][151][152][153][154]. For example, Nasim et al used hydrophobic ZIF-8 to compound MWCNTs and silver nanoparticles.…”