Facile synthesis and high rate capability of Li4Ti5O12/C composite materials with controllable carbon content

Abstract

A modified ball-milling-assisted green solid reaction method is provided to prepare Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C composite materials with controllable carbon content. Thermal analysis was utilized to investigate the reaction process and the temperature for eliminating carbon. The added carbon and the time for eliminating the carbon can affect the particle size and greatly improve the cycling stability and rate performance. Besides, the particle size can reach *60 nm, the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 eliminated carbon at 600°C has *178% higher discharge capacity than that without added carbon after 500 cycles under the same conditions. As for the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 with a carbon weight of 10.6%, the second discharge capacity can reach 177.2 and 120.8 mAh g -1 at 1 and 20 C rates, respectively. Its discharge capacity still remains at 118.3 mAh g -1 after 500 cycles under various current rates. The results are comparable to those of the reported Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /PAS composite.

Advanced composites of complex Ti-based oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

“…Inorganic carbon includes carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61], graphene [13,40,, carbon nanofibers [90][91][92], activated carbon [93,94], black carbon [95,96] and graphitized nanocarbon [97,98]. Inorganic carbon often exhibits better electronic conduction than organic carbon, yielding a higher rate capability.…”

Amorphous Carbon Coated High Grain Boundary Density Dual Phase Li4Ti5O12‐TiO2: A Nanocomposite Anode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries

“…The sample of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -TiO 2 has a large area of interface between the anatase and the lithium titanate, while in the carbon coated sample, there is a thin layer of amorphous carbon around each nanocrystal, as well as grain boundary interface areas embedded in a carbon matrix, which can store electrolyte and allow more channels for the reactions of Li + ion insertion/extraction. At the same time, electrolyte can penetrate easily to minimize the ionic resistance, [ 57 ] thereby leading to superior electrochemical performance.…”

Electrospun Conformal Li4Ti5O12/C Fibers for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…A pair of reversible redox peaks are observed at approximately 1.50 and 1.65 V for the cathodic and anodic scans, respectively. [15] During the first cycle, the cathodic peak has a slightly larger area than that of the anodic peak, which can be attributed to the irreversible capacity. The CV curves remain steady in the subsequent two cycles, indicating that the LTO/C fibers have good stability and reversibility during successive cycling.…”