“…Due to the high vacuum chamber requirement, conventional SEM and TEM specimens need to be in the solid form. Liquid phase system research is critical in the field of physics (Xu et al, 2021), chemistry (Tong et al, 2022), catalyst (Liu et al, 2019), particle growth and erosion (Wu et al, 2017), nanomaterial self-assembly (Woehl & Prozorov, 2015), electrochemistry (Tan et al, 2021), new energy material research (Chen et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021), and biology (Smith & Chen, 2020). Thus the recent breakthroughs in the in situ liquid cell electron microscopy (LC-EM) have brought strong attentions around the world (de Jonge & Ross, 2011; Lin et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2020).…”