A substantial effort
is devoted to the development of efficient
electrolyzers made of earth-abundant elements for low-temperature
industrial-scale water electrolysis. However, a large current density
leads to the decline of the reaction kinetics that result from the
decrease of local pH, the irreversible redox states of active metal
sites, and the structure and composition collapse. Currently, the
transition metal layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are proven as efficient
alkaline oxygen evolution catalysts and demonstrate promising current
density, generally at the scale of 10 mA cm–2 for
the potential solar-driven catalysis concerning 10% solar-to-fuels
efficiency. However, there is very limited progress in understanding
the activity and stability degradation mechanism of LDHs at high current
density, for instance above 100 mA cm–2. Here we
introduce the current advances in achieving activity enhancement by
tuning the composition, structure, and morphology of LDHs and present
the degradation mechanism during the electrolysis under oxidative
alkaline environments, long-term operation, and voltage fluctuations.
Finally, we present the state-of-the-art approaches to stabilize the
overall performance of LDHs for water oxidation and provide an outlook
in this field.