Facile Synthesis of Benzaldehyde-Functionalized Ionic Liquids and Their Flexible Functional Group Transformations

Huang, Qiang; Zheng, Bo

doi:10.1155/2012/208128

“…The task-specific ILs 59 were prepared by Huang et al in the year 2012 (Figure 5) [35]. Toward this mission, the authors have commenced from the commercially available starting material, namely 4-formylphenol derivatives (55), by reacting it with the 1,4-dibromobutane (56) in the presence of NaOH/tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) under microwave condition to give the intermediate compound 57.…”

Section: Preparations Of Some Important Heterocyclic-based Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterocycles-Based Ionic Liquids (ILs) in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Khan,

Ali,

Farooqui

2024

Heterocyclic Chemistry - New Perspectives

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) have become immensely popular over the past few years owing to their safe and noninvasive administration of the drugs across the skin. The TDDSs have provided a better surrogate pathway over conventional routes such as skin patches and injections, thereby resulting in superior and easier acceptance by the patients, minimized side effects, and controlled delivery rates. While TDDSs present these advantages, they also come with their limitations, specifically in delivering both small and macro drug molecules that exhibit moderate solubility in water and/or commonly used volatile organic solvents. To subdue this obstacle, ionic liquids (ILs) are being considered as the potential media not only for the syntheses of drugs but also as suitable carriers for the efficient delivery of both small as well as macromolecules. In this particular book chapter, we have discussed the transdermal drug delivery (TDD) of various partially soluble drugs such as acyclovir, anti-inflammatory drugs like diclofenac and ibuprofen, various anticancer drugs, etc., through heterocyclic-based ILs. Moreover, some green routes for ILs syntheses, including fatty acid-based “amino acid ionic liquids” (FAAAE-ILs) and “magnetic surface-active ionic liquid surfactants” (MSAIL), have also been discussed highlighting their function as the potential transdermal drug delivery agent.

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Orthogonal Persulfide Generation through Precision Tools Provides Insights into Mitochondrial Sulfane Sulfur

Manna,

Agrawal,

Yadav

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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The sulfane sulfur pool, comprised of persulfide (RS‐SH) and polysulfide (RS‐SnH) derived from hydrogen sulfide (H2S), has emerged as a major player in redox biochemistry. Mitochondria, besides energy generation, serve as significant cellular redox hubs, mediate stress response and cellular health. However, the effects of endogenous mitochondrial sulfane sulfur (MSS) remain largely uncharacterized as compared with their cytosolic counterparts, cytosolic sulfane sulfur (CSS). To investigate this, we designed a novel artificial substrate for mitochondrial 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3‐MST), a key enzyme involved in MSS biosynthesis. Using cells expressing a mitochondrion‐localized persulfide biosensor, we demonstrate this tool’s ability to selectively enhance MSS. While H2S was previously known to suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1), we found that MSS profoundly affected the HIV‐1 life cycle, mediating viral reactivation from latency. Additionally, we provide evidence for the role of the host’s mitochondrial redox state, membrane potential, apoptosis, and respiration rates in managing HIV‐1 latency and reactivation. Together, dynamic fluctuations in the MSS pool have a significant and possibly conflicting effect on HIV‐1 viral latency. The precision tools developed herein allow for orthogonal generation of persulfide within both mitochondria and the cytosol and will be useful in interrogating disease biology.

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Orthogonal Persulfide Generation through Precision Tools Provides Insights into Mitochondrial Sulfane Sulfur

Manna,

Agrawal,

Yadav

et al. 2024

Angew Chem Int Ed

1

0

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The sulfane sulfur pool, comprised of persulfide (RS‐SH) and polysulfide (RS‐SnH) derived from hydrogen sulfide (H2S), has emerged as a major player in redox biochemistry. Mitochondria, besides energy generation, serve as significant cellular redox hubs, mediate stress response and cellular health. However, the effects of endogenous mitochondrial sulfane sulfur (MSS) remain largely uncharacterized as compared with their cytosolic counterparts, cytosolic sulfane sulfur (CSS). To investigate this, we designed a novel artificial substrate for mitochondrial 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3‐MST), a key enzyme involved in MSS biosynthesis. Using cells expressing a mitochondrion‐localized persulfide biosensor, we demonstrate this tool’s ability to selectively enhance MSS. While H2S was previously known to suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1), we found that MSS profoundly affected the HIV‐1 life cycle, mediating viral reactivation from latency. Additionally, we provide evidence for the role of the host’s mitochondrial redox state, membrane potential, apoptosis, and respiration rates in managing HIV‐1 latency and reactivation. Together, dynamic fluctuations in the MSS pool have a significant and possibly conflicting effect on HIV‐1 viral latency. The precision tools developed herein allow for orthogonal generation of persulfide within both mitochondria and the cytosol and will be useful in interrogating disease biology.

show abstract

Facile Synthesis of Benzaldehyde-Functionalized Ionic Liquids and Their Flexible Functional Group Transformations

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Heterocycles-Based Ionic Liquids (ILs) in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Heterocycles-Based Ionic Liquids (ILs) in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Orthogonal Persulfide Generation through Precision Tools Provides Insights into Mitochondrial Sulfane Sulfur

Orthogonal Persulfide Generation through Precision Tools Provides Insights into Mitochondrial Sulfane Sulfur

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