Facile synthesis of branched water-soluble poly(dimethylacrylamide)s in conventional and parallel reactors using free radical polymerisation

Isaure, Françoise; Cormack, Peter A. G.; Sherrington, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2005.07.009

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…CO 2 -switchable branched PDMAAm polymers with different degrees of branching were synthesized via a two-step synthetic procedure (Scheme ). First, b-PDMA polymers with different branching degrees were synthesized using the “Strathclyde” route. , This technique allows the preparation of branched polymers by conventional free-radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers with a bifunctional monomer (BM) to initiate branching and in the presence of a chain transfer agent (CTA) that prevents gelation. The branched polymers were prepared using a DMA monomer with MBA as the branching agent and trDDT as the chain transfer agent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties

Riabtseva

Ellis

Champagne

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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CO 2 -responsive branched poly(N,N-dimethylallylamine) (b-PDMAAm) was evaluated as a potential draw solute for forward osmosis. PDMAAm with different degrees of branching was synthesized to investigate the effect of branching on the properties of branched polymeric draw solutes compared to their linear counterparts. Since molecular architecture can significantly affect the rheological properties of polymer solutions, b-PDMAAm was expected to have lower aqueous solution viscosity than linear PDMAAm of the same molecular weight, but the results surprisingly showed that the solution viscosities were similar. Branched CO 2 -responsive PDMAAm exhibited high osmotic pressures in the presence of CO 2 and low osmotic pressures in air; however, osmotic pressures in both the protonated and neutral states were lower than those for linear PDMAAm. Moreover, the osmotic pressure of PDMAAm decreased with increasing branching degree. The dependence of osmotic pressure of PDMAAm (5− 40 wt %) on its topology was further studied by 1 H NMR relaxation measurements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties

Riabtseva

Ellis

Champagne

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…This is in good agreement with reports from other groups investigating the effect on molecular weight of increasing the degree of branching whilst keeping the stoichiometry of the branching monomer to chain transfer agent constant. 14 Other groups have shown that branched homopolymers synthesised using the Strathclyde route typically display rather broad and multimodal molecular weight distributions. In contrast, the GPC chromatograms of the branched copolymers synthesised in the present study were predominantly monomodal, symmetrical and displayed relatively narrow polydispersities.…”

Section: Polymer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

pH-Responsive branched polymer nanoparticles

Weaver

Williams

Royles³

et al. 2008

Soft Matter

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We describe a new one-pot, single-step route for the preparation of pH-responsive branched polymer nanoparticles. These polymers, which are based on the pH-responsive monomer 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA) and hydrophilic macromonomer poly(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), are synthesised using a modified conventional free-radical polymerisation. Consequently, their preparation is generic, scaleable and tolerant of functionality. In aqueous solution the branched copolymers form core-shell structures at basic pH and on reducing the solution pH they become hydrated and swell, displaying similar characteristics to those of pH-responsive shell cross-linked micelles and microgels. We demonstrate good control over the hydrodynamic particle size, polymer chain-end, and the uptake and release of a model hydrophobe and also the ability to tune the apparent pK a of the DEA residues by varying the degree of branching. These results augur well for commercially viable tunable release applications.

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“…However, in contrast to the preparation of linear polymers, the application of continuous-flow reactors for constructing polymers with branched architectures is still in an early stage. Isaure et al 35 reported the synthesis of watersoluble branched poly(dimethyl acrylamide) in parallel tubular reactors. The tubular reactors had higher space-time yields compared to flasks, and the products were slightly different owing to the better sealing of the tubular reactors and hence superior exclusion of traces of O 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Branched Poly(butyl acrylate) Using the Strathclyde Method in Continuous-Flow Microreactors

Liang

Song

Qiu

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Solution polymerization of butyl acrylate and divinylbenzene (DVB) in toluene, initiated with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile and mediated with chain transfer agent dodecanethiol (DDT), was carried out in a capillary microreactor with a 1 mm inner diameter. Through the Strathclyde method, branched poly(butyl acrylate) with different molecular weight distributions (MWDs) was prepared by adjusting the feed formulation and the residence time. The dosages of DVB and DDT were controlled to avoid gelation, and their effects on the branching degree of the products were investigated. The multimodal MWDs were deconvoluted to quantitatively study the branching process. The kinetics in batch and continuous operation are compared. Aqueous miniemulsion polymerization with a similar feed formulation was also conducted in the microreactor, enabling faster reaction rate, lower solution viscosity, and higher branching efficiency. This study demonstrated the feasibility to use commercial monomers to prepare branched polymers with high functionality and a dense architecture in continuous-flow mode.

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Facile synthesis of branched water-soluble poly(dimethylacrylamide)s in conventional and parallel reactors using free radical polymerisation

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

CO₂-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties

CO₂-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties

pH-Responsive branched polymer nanoparticles

Synthesis of Branched Poly(butyl acrylate) Using the Strathclyde Method in Continuous-Flow Microreactors

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Facile synthesis of branched water-soluble poly(dimethylacrylamide)s in conventional and parallel reactors using free radical polymerisation

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

CO2-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties

CO2-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties

pH-Responsive branched polymer nanoparticles

Synthesis of Branched Poly(butyl acrylate) Using the Strathclyde Method in Continuous-Flow Microreactors

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Product

Resources

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CO₂-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties

CO₂-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties