“…Multifunctional textiles and leathers are known as the most promising materials for many applications like flexible electronics, smart automotive upholstery, professional or sports footwear, etc. Different nanocomposites have been used for the development of antimicrobial, self-cleaning, or flame-retardant properties on the leather surface by using silica [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], silver [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], zinc oxide [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], and titanium dioxide nanoparticles [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] as alternatives for the use of volatile organic compounds.…”