Facile synthesis of dumbbell-shaped multi-compartment nanoparticles

Doermbach, Karla; Pich, Andrij

doi:10.1039/c5nr00924c

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…RDRP was first developed and explored in homogeneous systems, but it was soon realized that implementation in dispersed phase systems such as emulsion polymerization is crucial for RDRP to reach its full potential. − Major progress has now been made, the most recent and now very active area of research being polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). − This area is based on in situ formation and subsequent self-assembly of amphiphilic diblock copolymer chains via RDRP (typically reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization) implemented as a dispersion or emulsion polymerization. PISA enables access to a range of high order particle morphologies such as worms and vesicles and complements the morphology variation of conventional emulsion (co)polymerization. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PISA enables access to a range of high order particle morphologies such as worms and vesicles and complements the morphology variation of conventional emulsion (co)polymerization. 14 Compartmentalization kinetic effects are likely at play upon implementing RDRP in a dispersed medium. 18 Because of the more complex polymerization mechanism with more macrospecies types, the situation is quite different from a "simple" radical polymerization with no mediating agent.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nanoreactor Concept: Kinetic Features of Compartmentalization in Dispersed Phase Polymerization

Zetterlund

D’hooge

2019

Macromolecules

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Compartmentalization refers to the physical confinement of reactants within confined space of nanosize dimensions and is a concept exploited by nature for the synthesis of various biomolecules. In the field of synthetic polymer chemistry, compartmentalization mainly refers to the “segregation effect” with two species located in different nanoparticles being unable to react and the “confined space effect” with two species in the same particle reacting faster for a smaller nanoparticle size. Compartmentalization kinetic effects on conventional radical (emulsion) polymerization kinetics have been relatively well understood for some time, whereas the influence in reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is considerably more complex and remains an active area of research. This Perspective provides a concise overview of compartmentalization kinetic effects at sufficiently low particle sizes (e.g., below 100 nm) on conventional radical polymerization, RDRP, cross-linking polymerization, and nonradical polymerization reactions. It is demonstrated that the phenomenon of compartmentalization can be exploited as a means of exerting influence on the polymerization kinetics without manipulating the fundamental chemistry of the polymerization, provided that sufficient attention is paid to interphase exit and entry mass transfer events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nanoreactor Concept: Kinetic Features of Compartmentalization in Dispersed Phase Polymerization

Zetterlund

D’hooge

2019

Macromolecules

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“…Preferably, HNPs with ordered morphologies should be prepared from the co-precipitation method (a wet chemical synthesis), which is simple, efficient, and tractable, in which the size, shape, and even morphology of the particles can be tailored [ 6 ]. To obtain well-crystallized HNPs with ordered morphologies, this method strongly depends on the use of additives such as copolymer surfactants (pluronic, F88, F127, P123, and polyvinylpyrrolidone), surface active structures from chelating compounds (thiols-based molecules), and stabilizing agents (triethylamine and (NH 2 ) 2 CO of urea), as well as co-precipitating salts (sodium acetate or NaAc) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Unfortunately, the presence of additives significantly affects not only the morphology and percentage yield, but also drastically decreases the HNPs’ purity due to the large amounts of byproducts, such as b-FeOOH, Fe 3 O 4 , or g-Fe 2 O 3 [ 17 ], and the salts’ impurities, such as with ferric and ferrous salts [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive-Free Rice Starch-Assisted Synthesis of Spherical Nanostructured Hematite for Degradation of Dye Contaminant

et al. 2018

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Nanostructured hematite materials for advanced applications are conventionally prepared with the presence of additives, tainting its purity with remnants of copolymer surfactants, active chelating molecules, stabilizing agents, or co-precipitating salts. Thus, preparing nanostructured hematite via additive-free and green synthesis methods remains a huge hurdle. This study presents an environmentally friendly and facile synthesis of spherical nanostructured hematite (Sp-HNP) using rice starch-assisted synthesis. The physicochemical properties of the Sp-HNP were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DR UV-Vis), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The Sp-HNP showed a well-crystallized structure of pure rhombohedral phase, having a spherical-shaped morphology from 24 to 48 nm, and a surface area of 20.04 m2/g. Moreover, the Sp-HNP exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye, owing to the large surface-to-volume ratio. The current work has provided a sustainable synthesis route to produce spherical nanostructured hematite without the use of any hazardous agents or toxic additives, in agreement with the principles of green chemistry for the degradation of dye contaminant.

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“…Various preparation methods of prolate spheroidal polymer particles are discussed in the literature. − Uniform prolate particles can be produced by polymerization of monomers performed in situ in microfluidic channels or polymerization of shell on the prolate hematite cores. One of the most frequently used methods consists in uniaxial elongation of spherical polymer particles built-in polymer film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spheroidal Microparticle Monolayers Characterized by Streaming Potential Measurements

et al. 2017

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An efficient method was developed enabling the synthesis of spheroidal polymer microparticles. Thorough physicochemical characteristics of the particles were acquired comprising the size, shape, electrophoretic mobility, and the diffusion coefficient. The particles were monodisperse, and their shape was well-fitted by prolate spheroids having the axis ratio equal to 4.17. Knowing the diffusion coefficient, their hydrodynamic diameter of 449 nm was calculated, which matched the value derived from Brenner's analytical expression. Particle deposition kinetics on mica and silicon/silica substrates, modified by poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) adsorption, was studied by optical microscopy and AFM imaging. The validity of the random sequential adsorption model was confirmed. Additionally, monolayers of the particles on these substrates were thoroughly characterized in situ by the streaming potential measurements for different ionic strengths. These measurements confirmed that the ζ potential change with the spheroidal particle coverage is less abrupt than for spheres and agrees with theoretical predictions. Exploiting these results, a useful analytical expression was derived that allows one to calculate the spheroidal particle coverage in situ via the streaming potential measurements. This expression, especially accurate for low coverage range, can be used for a quantitative interpretation of adsorption and desorption kinetics of anisotropic macromolecules, e.g., proteins on solid substrates.

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Facile synthesis of dumbbell-shaped multi-compartment nanoparticles

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

The Nanoreactor Concept: Kinetic Features of Compartmentalization in Dispersed Phase Polymerization

The Nanoreactor Concept: Kinetic Features of Compartmentalization in Dispersed Phase Polymerization

Additive-Free Rice Starch-Assisted Synthesis of Spherical Nanostructured Hematite for Degradation of Dye Contaminant

Spheroidal Microparticle Monolayers Characterized by Streaming Potential Measurements

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