Facile synthesis of highly oriented p-type aluminum co-doped zinc oxide film with aqua ammonia

Structural, optical and electrical properties of N-doped ZnO thin films prepared by thermal oxidation of pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposited ZnxNy films

“…ZnO is a direct wide band-gap (E g ∼ 3.37 eV) semiconducting material, with a large exciton binding energy of 60 meV and possess good transparency in the visible wavelength [1,2]. These properties make the ZnO an important semiconductor for various applications in optoelectronic devices such as UV light-emitting diodes, laser diodes and photodetectors [1,3].…”

“…However, the fabrication of p-type ZnO is difficult due to the low solubility of the acceptor dopant, deep acceptor level and self-compensation effect involving native defects such as oxygen vacancies (V o ) and zinc interstitials (Zn i ), etc. [2,9,10].…”

Effect of Cu concentration on the structural and optoelectronic properties of ZnO:Cu:Al prepared by the sol–gel deposition method

“…It can be observed from the SEM images that the morphology of these microfibers is highly sensitive to the amount of Cu incorporation, and that a higher Cu doping in ZnO:Cu:Al thin film results in increased diameters (50-120 nm). Our group has previously reported that the microfibrous morphology is caused by the rapid heating sintering process when using a hotplate [32]. Other studies proposed that the lack of hydroxyl or alkoxy groups in the initial sol precursor also contributes toward the formation of wrinkles [32,35].…”

“…Our group has previously reported that the microfibrous morphology is caused by the rapid heating sintering process when using a hotplate [32]. Other studies proposed that the lack of hydroxyl or alkoxy groups in the initial sol precursor also contributes toward the formation of wrinkles [32,35]. Since a hotplate was selected as the heating element in this study, its contribution cannot be eliminated.…”

“…Traditionally, co-doping in ZnO thin films has been achieved by using the combined addition of group III elements with VI elements, e.g. a combination of N/Al [32,33], N/Li [34], and so on. However, to the best of author's knowledge, the combination of Al/Cu has not been explored.…”