Facile Synthesis of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of Medium-Chain-Length Fatty Acids and Kinetic Study

Sahu, Abha; Pandit, Aniruddha B.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05034

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure , the esterification without a catalyst exhibited a representative behavior of a linear increase in yield with the reaction temperature. It was known that the internal energy of molecules increases with rising temperature, increasing the number of collisions that have enough energy to break the bonds and reform new bonds . Another reason could be that the solubility of stearic acid in methanol is improved at high temperatures and the mass transfer limitation between the reactants and the catalyst is reduced, resulting in a fast reaction rate. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained ester yields were 88.3, 84.5, and 81.2% for the esterification of stearic acid with methanol, ethanol, and propanol, respectively. This result is in agreement with the results reported by Sahu et al (2019), in which at low catalyst loading, the ester yield decreased with the increase in branch and chain lengths of the alcohols …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that various operating factors such as temperature, time, and the molar ratio of reactants influence the rate of the esterification of fatty acid to ester and the performance of catalysts, affecting the productivity of ester products. 26 In this study, the reaction temperature, time, reactants’ mole ratio, and catalyst loading were optimized in the esterification of stearic acid to maximize methyl stearate yield. First, the esterification was conducted in the temperature range of 200–280 °C for 5 min with a methanol-to-stearic-acid molar ratio of 3:1 and EL–MSA catalyst loading of 5 wt % to study the effect of temperature on the esterification reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was known that the internal energy of molecules increases with rising temperature, increasing the number of collisions that have enough energy to break the bonds and reform new bonds. 26 Another reason could be that the solubility of stearic acid in methanol is improved at high temperatures and the mass transfer limitation between the reactants and the catalyst is reduced, resulting in a fast reaction rate. 7,27 As shown in Figure 5, methyl stearate yield was promoted by adding the EL−MSA catalyst when compared with the noncatalytic test.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Activity of a Sulfonated Carbon-Based Catalyst Derived from Organosolv Lignin toward Esterification of Stearic Acid under Near-Critical Alcohol Conditions

Sangsiri

Laosiripojana

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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In this study, an environmentally benign carbon-based catalyst derived from extracted bagasse lignin (EL) was successfully synthesized by solvothermal carbonization and sulfonation with methane sulfonic acid (MSA). Interestingly, the results indicated that the use of MSA as a sulfonation agent made a catalyst with higher thermal stability than conventional sulfuric acid. Thus, in comparison to the catalyst prepared by using sulfuric acid, the catalyst prepared by using MSA (EL–MSA) exhibited higher catalytic activity in the esterification of stearic acid under near-critical methanol conditions. Under optimum conditions (260 °C for 5 min, a 9:1 methanol-to-stearic-acid molar ratio, 5 wt % catalyst loading, and 10% v/v toluene), the esterification over the EL–MSA catalyst promoted a 91.1% methyl stearate yield. Moreover, the results also revealed that the high thermal stability of the EL–MSA catalyst not only affects its great catalytic activity, but it also prevents damage to the porous structure and decomposition of acidic surface oxygen-containing functional groups. It contributes to the excellent reusability of the catalyst. After the fifth run, a high yield of 82.8% was obtained. The effect of alcohol type on the catalyst performance was also studied. It was found that the EL–MSA catalyst also presented good performance toward esterification with ethanol and propanol, from which ethyl stearate and propyl stearate with a more than 80% ester yield can be achieved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%