“…Two methods for nitrogen doping have been reported: carbonization of abundant nitrogen such as polypyrrole from nitrogen-containing precursors [ 23 , 24 ] and introducing nitrogen-containing reagents such as ammonia, urea, amines, and melamine to the carbon matrix [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Recently, the plasma generated from the liquid phase has been used to synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles, which were then impregnated with carbonaceous materials [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. In previous studies, carbon composites impregnated with metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a liquid phase plasma (LPP) method and applied to EDLCs [ 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”