Facile Synthesis of Layer Structured GeP3/C with Stable Chemical Bonding for Enhanced Lithium-Ion Storage

Abstract

Recently, metal phosphides have been investigated as potential anode materials because of higher specific capacity compared with those of carbonaceous materials. However, the rapid capacity fade upon cycling leads to poor durability and short cycle life, which cannot meet the need of lithium-ion batteries with high energy density. Herein, we report a layer-structured GeP3/C nanocomposite anode material with high performance prepared by a facial and large-scale ball milling method via in-situ mechanical reaction. The P-O-C bonds are formed in the composite, leading to close contact between GeP3 and carbon. As a result, the GeP3/C anode displays excellent lithium storage performance with a high reversible capacity up to 1109 mA h g−1 after 130 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. Even at high current densities of 2 and 5 A g−1, the reversible capacities are still as high as 590 and 425 mA h g−1, respectively. This suggests that the GeP3/C composite is promising to achieve high-energy lithium-ion batteries and the mechanical milling is an efficient method to fabricate such composite electrode materials especially for large-scale application.

A High‐Rate and Ultrastable Sodium Ion Anode Based on a Novel Sn4P3‐P@Graphene Nanocomposite

“…Therefore, taking into account the poor crystallinity of black phosphorus and small crystalline domain size of Sn 4 P 3 , black phosphorus and Sn 4 P 3 would appear as nanocrystallites next to each other, well dispersed in the graphene matrix, thanks to the presence of graphene which alleviates the aggregation issues upon their formation during the mechanical milling. [25,28,[45][46][47] The transformation in reaction (1) upon the presence of graphene is interesting since neither CP nor CSn binary compounds exist in bulk. For instance, the presence of POC bond in the sample is evident ( Figure S3, Supporting Information) induced by the strong mechanical milling, which are also evidenced in many other phosphorus/metal phosphides-carbon systems.…”

Optimization of the Carbon Content in Copper Phosphide–Carbon Composites for High Performance Sodium Secondary Batteries Using Ionic Liquids

“…In contrast, metal phosphide carbon composites have shown great potential in terms of their facile preparation and high performances as negative electrode materials . The increased electrical conductivity and the in situ formation of the P−O−C bond act synergistically to improve the electrochemical performances of such materials . For example, copper phosphide containing various kinds of carbon composites have received significant attention .…”

SnP nanocrystals as anode materials for Na-ion batteries

“…This extreme volume expansion results in pulverization and peeling off from the current collector, causing loss of electrical conductivity. To overcome limitations of pure phosphorous and improve cycling performance, combinations of phosphorus with metals forming metal phosphides (M x P y ), have been proposed, where M is inactive Co, [11][12][13] Ni, 14,15 Cu, 16,17 Fe [18][19][20] or electroactive Ge, 21,22 and Sn [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] with regard to Na. Superior performance of metal phosphides over pure phosphorous is manly attributed to the presence of metal atoms acting as electronic pathways drastically enhancing electronic conductivity.…”