Facile synthesis of mesoporous and highly nitrogen/sulfur dual-doped graphene and its ultrahigh discharge capacity in non-aqueous lithium oxygen batteries

Jang, Seokhoon; Kim, Jieun; Na, Eunbeen; Song, Min-Ji; Choi, Jin-Kyu; Song, KyongHwa; Baeck, Sung‐Hyeon; Shim, Sang Eun

doi:10.1007/s42823-019-00026-y

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The synergistic effects of N and S dopants maximized spin density and concurrently produced a large amount of active carbon atoms. Similar phenomena can also be observed in the experiments of Jang et al [76] and Huang et al [77].…”

Section: Heteroatom Dopingsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Dual non-metal atoms doping has also been studied to further promote the catalytic activity of graphene [75,76]. Firstly, the introduction of second heteroatoms will increase the intrinsic activity of each active sites by modulating the bonding configuration and create more catalytic sites by breaking the uniform charge density spatial distribution on the honeycomb carbon atoms, which simultaneously favors O 2 adsorption and desorption on the graphene surface.…”

Section: Heteroatom Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of functionalized graphene in Li–O₂ batteries

et al. 2021

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Li–O2 batteries (LOB) are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices using renewable electricity to power electric vehicles because of its exceptionally high energy density. Carbon materials have been widely employed in LOB for its light weight and facile availability. In particular, graphene is a suitable candidate due to its unique two-dimensional structure, high conductivities, large specific surface areas, and good stability at high charge potential. However, the intrinsic catalytic activity of graphene is insufficient for the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in LOB. Therefore, various surface functionalization schemes for graphene have been developed to tailor the surface chemistry of graphene. In this review, the properties and performances of functionalized graphene cathodes are discussed from theoretical and experimental aspects, including heteroatomic doping, oxygen functional group modifications, and catalyst decoration. Heteroatomic doping breaks electric neutrality of sp2 carbon of graphene, which forms electron-deficient or electron-rich sites. Oxygen functional groups mainly create defective edges on graphene oxides with C−O, C=O, and −COO−. Catalyst decoration is widely attempted by various transition and precious metal and metal oxides. These induced reactive sites usually improve the ORR and/or OER in LOB by manipulating the adsorption energies of O2, LiO2, Li2O2, and promoting electron transportation of cathode. In addition, functionalized graphene is used in anode and separators to prevent shuttle effect of redox mediators and suppress growth of Li dendrite.

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Section: Heteroatom Dopingsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Heteroatom Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of functionalized graphene in Li–O₂ batteries

et al. 2021

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“…Despite the fact that sulfur does not fit in the graphene plane and bulges out of the sheet, the most studied codoped graphene system is sulfur and nitrogen codoped graphene. There are so many articles published about this system − …”

Section: Codoped or Dual-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity was 3525 mAh/g at a current density of 50 mA/g, and the rate capability was as high as 870 mAh/g at 1000 mA/g, with with excellent cycling stability. Following Ma et al’s landmark investigation, several works continued this line of research. − In some cases, metal nanoparticles, , nanocables, and nanospheres are also combined with S and N doped graphene to improve performance. Although the numbers obtained are impressive, and are in agreement with our theoretical predictions, to the best of my knowledge, there is not a commercial lithium ion battery based on S and N codoped graphene.…”

Section: Codoped or Dual-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of alkali metal ion batteries is another area that has been invaded by publications that use S and N codoped graphene. − In 2014, Ma et al produced S and N cocoped graphene using a chemical vapor deposition approach. The three-dimensional codoped graphene networks were utilized as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.…”

Section: Codoped or Dual-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Heteroatom Codoped Graphene: The Importance of Nitrogen

Denis

2022

ACS Omega

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Although graphene has exceptional properties, they are not enough to solve the extensive list of pressing world problems. The substitutional doping of graphene using heteroatoms is one of the preferred methods to adjust the physicochemical properties of graphene. Much effort has been made to dope graphene using a single dopant. However, in recent years, substantial efforts have been made to dope graphene using two or more dopants. This review summarizes all the hard work done to synthesize, characterize, and develop new technologies using codoped, tridoped, and quaternary doped graphene. First, I discuss a simple question that has a complicated answer: When can an atom be considered a dopant? Then, I briefly discuss the single atom doped graphene as a starting point for this review's primary objective: codoped or dual-doped graphene. I extend the discussion to include tridoped and quaternary doped graphene. I review most of the systems that have been synthesized or studied theoretically and the areas in which they have been used to develop new technologies. Finally, I discuss the challenges and prospects that will shape the future of this fascinating field. It will be shown that most of the graphene systems that have been reported involve the use of nitrogen, and much effort is needed to develop codoped graphene systems that do not rely on the stabilizing effects of nitrogen. I expect that this review will contribute to introducing more researchers to this fascinating field and enlarge the list of codoped graphene systems that have been synthesized.

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