“…Up to now, various combinations of earth-abundant materials, including nonprecious transition metal (NPTM) alloys, sulfides, phosphides, and carbides, have been frequently reported to take the place of Pt as HER catalysts because of their low price and good performance as hydrogenase-like catalysts. Notably, nickel-based compounds have been some of the most intensely studied catalysts. − Heterostructured electrocatalysts consisting of strongly coupled Ni and other oxides have appeared as promising alternative nonprecious metal based HER catalysts, including NiO/Ni/CNT, Ni/NiO, and Li x NiO/Ni, with exceptional activities (80, 90, and 36 mV at 10 mA cm –2 , respectively) toward the HER in alkaline electrolytes.…”